Arl*_*eyD 12 sql-server constraint view update unique-constraint
我是一名“偶然”的 DBA，相对缺乏经验并且对这个问题感到困惑。
运行 MS SQL Server 2012。问题在于这个 UPDATE 语句：
UPDATE dbo.tAccts SET
Ticket = 'ARP.ExGE'
, Method = 'smtp'
, AcctOwner = 'r00417819'
, DisplayName = '~AppLight HBSFax-Inactive'
, Destination = 'r00417819@mail.ad.ge.com'
, UpdatedBy = SYSTEM_USER
, UpdatedOn = CAST(GetDate() AS DATE)
FROM dbo.vReclaimable
WHERE OHR_EmpStatus <> 'A'
这应该只更新tAccts 表中由 vReclaimable 视图返回的行。
vReclaimable 视图基于 tAccts 表并返回 tAccts 中行的子集。
当我运行它时，它失败并显示唯一键错误：
(0 row(s) affected)
Msg 2627, Level 14, State 1, Line 67
Violation of UNIQUE KEY constraint 'UQ__tAccounts_DNIS.Method.Destination.Phones'. Cannot insert duplicate key in object 'dbo.tAccts'. The duplicate key value is (68497, smtp, r00417819@mail.ad.ge.com, 800-905-8793, none).
The statement has been terminated.
公平地说，tAccts 表确实有一个唯一的键约束：
CONSTRAINT [UQ__tAccounts_DNIS.Method.Destination.Phones] UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED
(
[DNIS] ASC,[Method] ASC,[Destination] ASC,[Phone_TF] ASC,[Phone_Local] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON)
但奇怪的事情来了。如果我运行这两个查询：
select 'tAccts table', dnis, method, destination, phone_tf, phone_local from tAccts where dnis=68497
select 'vReclaimable view', dnis, method, destination, phone_tf, phone_local, daysidle from vReclaimable where dnis=68497
第一个返回两行（如预期）：
(No column name) dnis method destination phone_tf phone_local
tAccts table 68497 ftp ftp://faxuser@ap1plm02cige/appliances 800-905-8793 none
tAccts table 68497 unc \\\\for4as01applge\\cfs_portfolio\\cfs_faxdocs 800-905-8793 none
第二个返回 0 行（如预期）。
如果“FROM vReclaimable WHERE OHR_EmpStatus <> 'A'”返回 0 行，为什么 UPDATE 尝试更新 DNIS=68497 的行？
（我希望我已经充分描述了这一点。我觉得我错过了一些明显的东西）
USE [TEST-GEAFax_arley_NEW]
GO
/****** Object: Table [dbo].[tAccts] Script Date: 12/9/2015 1:39:41 PM ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[tAccts](
[Ticket] [varchar](30) NOT NULL,
[Method] [varchar](15) NOT NULL,
[AcctOwner] [varchar](15) NOT NULL,
[DisplayName] [varchar](75) NOT NULL,
[Destination] [varchar](75) NOT NULL,
[DNIS] [varchar](20) NOT NULL,
[DNIS2] [varchar](20) NULL,
[Phone_TF] [varchar](30) NOT NULL,
[Phone_Local] [varchar](30) NOT NULL,
[Phone_PBX] [varchar](255) NOT NULL,
[UpdatedBy] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
[UpdatedOn] [date] NOT NULL,
[FaxNotes] [varchar](255) NULL,
[TelcomNotes] [varchar](255) NULL,
[AcctID] [int] IDENTITY(0,1) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK__tAccounts_AcctID] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[AcctID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY],
CONSTRAINT [UQ__tAccounts_DNIS.Method.Destination.Phones] UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED
(
[DNIS] ASC,
[Method] ASC,
[Destination] ASC,
[Phone_TF] ASC,
[Phone_Local] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING OFF
GO
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USE [TEST-GEAFax_arley_NEW]
GO
/****** Object: View [dbo].[vReclaimable] Script Date: 12/9/2015 1:39:57 PM ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
/***********************************************************************
* Written By : N. Arley Dealey (200018252
* Written On :
* Updated By :
* Updated On :
* Description : Returns data from tAccts, vRxAl, vWLT_AllGE
* Notes :
***********************************************************************/
CREATE VIEW [dbo].[vReclaimable] AS
SELECT
a.Ticket
, a.Method
, a.AcctOwner
, a.DisplayName
, a.Destination
, a.DNIS
, a.DNIS2
, a.Phone_TF
, a.Phone_Local
, a.Phone_PBX
, a.UpdatedBy
, a.UpdatedOn
, a.FaxNotes
, a.TelcomNotes
, a.AcctID
, COUNT(jt.JobID) AS 'FaxesRcvd'
, CAST(MIN(jt.TimeStamp_UTC) AS DATE) AS 'FirstRcvd'
, CAST(MAX(jt.TimeStamp_UTC) AS DATE) AS 'LastRcvd'
, DATEDIFF(dd, MAX(jt.TimeStamp_UTC), GETDATE()) AS 'DaysIdle'
, o.OHR_EmpSSO
, o.OHR_EmpStatus
, o.OHR_EmpName
, o.OHR_EmpTitle
, o.OHR_BizIndustryGroup
, o.OHR_BizSegment
, o.OHR_BizUnit
, o.OHR_BizDept
, o.OHR_BizDomain
FROM
dbo.tAccts AS a
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.tAccts_Retain AS r ON (a.AcctID = r.AcctID)
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.vWLT_AllGE AS o ON (a.AcctOwner = o.OHR_EmpSSO)
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.vRxAll AS jt ON (a.DNIS = jt.DNIS)
WHERE ( 1 -- place holder, has no effect
AND r.RetainID IS NULL -- out of scope: in Retain table
AND a.Method = 'smtp' -- out of scope: ftp, unc, cifs, printers
AND a.Phone_Local NOT LIKE '216-%' -- out of scope: NELA numbers
AND a.AcctOwner <> 'r00417819' -- out of scope: reclaimed numbers
AND a.AcctOwner <> 'r00336832' -- out of scope: never assigned numbers
AND a.AcctOwner <> 'r00971729' -- out of scope: invalid numbers
AND a.Destination NOT LIKE 'g%@mail.ad.ge.com' -- out of scope: distribution lists
AND a.Destination NOT LIKE 'r%@mail.ad.ge.com' -- out of scope: shared mailboxes
)
GROUP BY
a.DNIS
-- remaining columns are just for syntax reasons
, a.Ticket, a.Method, a.AcctOwner, a.DisplayName, a.Destination, a.DNIS2, a.Phone_TF, a.Phone_Local, a.Phone_PBX, a.UpdatedBy, a.UpdatedOn, a.FaxNotes, a.TelcomNotes, a.AcctID
, o.OHR_EmpSSO, o.OHR_EmpStatus, o.OHR_EmpName, o.OHR_EmpTitle
, o.OHR_BizIndustryGroup, o.OHR_BizSegment, o.OHR_BizUnit, o.OHR_BizDept, o.OHR_BizDomain
GO
ype*_*eᵀᴹ 18
它归结为UPDATE语句的作用。这并不完全显而易见，但您的陈述与此相同：
UPDATE upd SET
Ticket = 'ARP.ExGE'
, Method = 'smtp'
, AcctOwner = 'r00417819'
, DisplayName = '~AppLight HBSFax-Inactive'
, Destination = 'r00417819@mail.ad.ge.com'
, UpdatedBy = SYSTEM_USER
, UpdatedOn = CAST(GetDate() AS DATE)
FROM
dbo.tAccts AS upd
CROSS JOIN
dbo.vReclaimable AS v
WHERE OHR_EmpStatus <> 'A' ;
由于在表和视图之间没有提及dbo.tAccts表FROM并且没有联接或 where 条件，它导致CROSS联接并尝试更新表的所有行（而不仅仅是从视图中），并且可能是多个次也是！
您可以添加一个连接（或 where）条件：
UPDATE upd SET
Ticket = 'ARP.ExGE'
, Method = 'smtp'
, AcctOwner = 'r00417819'
, DisplayName = '~AppLight HBSFax-Inactive'
, Destination = 'r00417819@mail.ad.ge.com'
, UpdatedBy = SYSTEM_USER
, UpdatedOn = CAST(GetDate() AS DATE)
FROM
dbo.tAccts AS upd
JOIN
dbo.vReclaimable AS v
ON v.PK = upd.PK -- whatever the PK column is
WHERE OHR_EmpStatus <> 'A' ;
或（使用您的版本）：
UPDATE dbo.tAccts SET
Ticket = 'ARP.ExGE'
, Method = 'smtp'
, AcctOwner = 'r00417819'
, DisplayName = '~AppLight HBSFax-Inactive'
, Destination = 'r00417819@mail.ad.ge.com'
, UpdatedBy = SYSTEM_USER
, UpdatedOn = CAST(GetDate() AS DATE)
FROM dbo.vReclaimable
WHERE OHR_EmpStatus <> 'A'
AND vReclaimable.PK = tAccts.PK ;
或者，您可以（可能）简单地更新视图。要使其正常工作，视图必须符合有关“可更新视图”的限制。请参阅 MSDN 文档中的相关段落：CREATE VIEW，可更新视图：
UPDATE dbo.vReclaimable SET
Ticket = 'ARP.ExGE'
, Method = 'smtp'
, AcctOwner = 'r00417819'
, DisplayName = '~AppLight HBSFax-Inactive'
, Destination = 'r00417819@mail.ad.ge.com'
, UpdatedBy = SYSTEM_USER
, UpdatedOn = CAST(GetDate() AS DATE)
WHERE OHR_EmpStatus <> 'A' ;
小智 0
如果以下查询返回多行：
select 'tAccts table', dnis, method, destination, phone_tf, phone_local
from tAccts
where OHR_EmpStatus <> 'A'
那么您尝试使用相同的值更新多行，从而违反了唯一约束。