如何在 MySQL 上配置全局字符集

Question

我试图通过my.cnf更改我们的 MySQL 的字符集，但失败了。我添加了下面列出的字符集设置：

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M

# ------------- MYSQL CHARSETS --------------
character_set_system = utf8
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_results = utf8
character_set_database = utf8
character_set_connection = utf8
character_set_client = utf8

collation_connection = utf8_general_ci
collation_database = utf8_general_ci
collation_server = utf8_general_ci

当我启用这些时，MySQL 无法启动。我怎样才能确保一切都默认为 utf8 - 总是？

更新

仍然有一些地方在成为 UTF8 方面存在问题

character_set_client    utf8
character_set_connection    utf8
character_set_database  latin1
character_set_filesystem    binary
character_set_results   utf8
character_set_server    latin1
character_set_system    utf8
character_sets_dir  /usr/share/mysql/charsets/
collation_connection    utf8_general_ci
collation_database  latin1_swedish_ci
collation_server    latin1_swedish_ci

不幸的是我还没有想出一个解决方案......有什么想法吗？

目前我正在成功使用此配置：

[mysqld]
default-character-set = utf8
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8


[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

但是 PHPMyAdmin 仍然显示一些 latin1

character_set_client    utf8
character_set_connection    utf8
character_set_database  latin1
character_set_filesystem    binary
character_set_results   utf8
character_set_server    latin1
character_set_system    utf8
character_sets_dir  /usr/share/mysql/charsets/
collation_connection    utf8_general_ci
collation_database  latin1_swedish_ci
collation_server    latin1_swedish_ci

Answer 1

您需要将以下内容合并到您的 my.cnf 文件中

[client]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8


[mysqld]
default-character-set = utf8    
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

您可以在以下手册页上找到更多信息

• http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/charset-configuration.html

• http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_character_set_system

• http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_character_set_server

针对 Mark 的回答，如果您需要将现有表/数据库转换为正确的字符集，您将需要一个合适的ALTER查询。类似于以下内容：

ALTER TABLE `table` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;

另外还有一个很大的PHP脚本在这里它会为你。