如何从命令行升级设备固件？

Question

我很少使用 Ubuntu 软件应用程序，但是当我今天打开它时，我看到它有一条通知说我的指纹扫描仪固件可以更新。

但是，apt upgrade和snap refresh命令输出所有内容都是最新的。我的系统上是否缺少第三个软件包来源？

danny@danny:~$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade 
Hit:1 http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish InRelease
Hit:2 http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates InRelease                                                                                                                                         
Hit:3 http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-backports InRelease                                                                                                                                       
Hit:4 https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease                                                                                                                                              
Hit:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu impish InRelease                                                                                                                                  
Hit:6 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu impish InRelease                                                                
Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-security InRelease [110 kB]                          
Hit:8 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/ms-teams stable InRelease                     
Fetched 110 kB in 1s (127 kB/s)                          
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

Answer 1

感谢@Ponjar和@oldfred 的评论，事实证明还有另一个管理设备固件更新的管理器，名为fwupd.

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简洁版本

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要更新设备固件，您可以运行以下命令：

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$ fwupdmgr update\n

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加长版

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注意：fwupdmgr在我的试验期间，此处提到的命令都不需要 root 访问权限（即 sudo）才能运行。甚至更新固件的命令。

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它使用LVFS（Linux 供应商固件服务）作为设备固件的源数据库。您可以通过在 中配置来添加更多源/etc/fwupd/remotes.d/。

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要升级固件，可以使用该fwupdmgr命令。该软件包似乎已预安装在 Ubuntu 21.10 上。如果不适合您，可以使用以下命令安装

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sudo apt install fwupd\n

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fwupdmgr您可以通过运行该命令获取支持固件更新的设备列表fwupdmgr get-devices。

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$ fwupdmgr get-devices\nWARNING: UEFI capsule updates not available or enabled in firmware setup\n  See https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd/wiki/PluginFlag:capsules-unsupported for more information.\n21A0000CMX\n\xe2\x94\x82\n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80Prometheus:\n\xe2\x94\x82     Device ID:          96a0be68fa5cf5d60d3d2d392797c6844ab64d33\n\xe2\x94\x82     Summary:            Fingerprint reader\n\xe2\x94\x82     Current version:    10.01.3273255\n\xe2\x94\x82     Vendor:             Synaptics (USB:0x06CB)\n\xe2\x94\x82     Install Duration:   2 seconds\n\xe2\x94\x82     GUIDs:              09e8bf16-3e69-50f5-bb66-c7a040248352\n\xe2\x94\x82                         8088f861-6318-5b1e-9ce4-fbddbedb09ac\n\xe2\x94\x82     Device Flags:       \xe2\x80\xa2 Updatable\n\xe2\x94\x82                         \xe2\x80\xa2 Supported on remote server\n\xe2\x94\x82                         \xe2\x80\xa2 Cryptographic hash verification is available\n\xe2\x94\x82   \n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80UEFI dbx:\n\xe2\x94\x82     Device ID:          362301da643102b9f38477387e2193e57abaa590\n\xe2\x94\x82     Summary:            UEFI Revocation Database\n\xe2\x94\x82     Current version:    267\n\xe2\x94\x82     Minimum Version:    267\n\xe2\x94\x82     Vendor:             UEFI:Linux Foundation\n\xe2\x94\x82     Install Duration:   1 second\n\xe2\x94\x82     GUIDs:              1e9c3d61-4bd9-514e-ad87-0a9b61b9e77d\n\xe2\x94\x82                         304a9ede-aff2-58f6-b5e5-0e651b065f1a\n\xe2\x94\x82                         c6682ade-b5ec-57c4-b687-676351208742\n\xe2\x94\x82                         f8ba2887-9411-5c36-9cee-88995bb39731\n\xe2\x94\x82     Device Flags:       \xe2\x80\xa2 Internal device\n\xe2\x94\x82                         \xe2\x80\xa2 Updatable\n\xe2\x94\x82                         \xe2\x80\xa2 Needs a reboot after installation\n\xe2\x94\x82   \n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80UMIS RPETJ512MGE2QDQ:\n      Device ID:          71b677ca0f1bc2c5b804fa1d59e52064ce589293\n      Summary:            NVM Express Solid State Drive\n      Current version:    1.3Q0630\n      Vendor:             Union Memory (Shenzhen) (NVME:0x1CC4)\n      GUIDs:              c3fe86aa-308e-53bc-aa93-00faaac3ef75\n                          437d6904-49e7-551e-bbe9-1ae691ea1a37\n                          6df6872d-19f7-5035-b85c-7c760034c77d\n                          1d6b808f-3aac-5c20-8496-8a1433de5b80\n                          1cabba58-9014-5a19-b40f-a6aa4b45676f\n      Device Flags:       \xe2\x80\xa2 Internal device\n                          \xe2\x80\xa2 Updatable\n                          \xe2\x80\xa2 System requires external power source\n                          \xe2\x80\xa2 Needs a reboot after installation\n                          \xe2\x80\xa2 Device is usable for the duration of the update\n

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如果设备有可用的固件更新，您还可以通过运行来获取设备的状态fwupdmgr get-updates。

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$ fwupdmgr get-updates\nWARNING: UEFI capsule updates not available or enabled in firmware setup\n  See https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd/wiki/PluginFlag:capsules-unsupported for more information.\nDevices with no available firmware updates: \n \xe2\x80\xa2 UEFI dbx\n \xe2\x80\xa2 UMIS RPETJ512MGE2QDQ\n21A0000CMX\n\xe2\x94\x82\n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80Prometheus:\n  \xe2\x94\x82   Device ID:          96a0be68fa5cf5d60d3d2d392797c6844ab64d33\n  \xe2\x94\x82   Summary:            Fingerprint reader\n  \xe2\x94\x82   Current version:    10.01.3273255\n  \xe2\x94\x82   Vendor:             Synaptics (USB:0x06CB)\n  \xe2\x94\x82   Install Duration:   2 seconds\n  \xe2\x94\x82   GUIDs:              09e8bf16-3e69-50f5-bb66-c7a040248352\n  \xe2\x94\x82                       8088f861-6318-5b1e-9ce4-fbddbedb09ac\n  \xe2\x94\x82   Device Flags:       \xe2\x80\xa2 Updatable\n  \xe2\x94\x82                       \xe2\x80\xa2 Supported on remote server\n  \xe2\x94\x82                       \xe2\x80\xa2 Cryptographic hash verification is available\n  \xe2\x94\x82 \n  \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80Prometheus Fingerprint Reader:\n        New version:      10.01.3478575\n        Remote ID:        lvfs\n        Summary:          Firmware for the Synaptics Prometheus Fingerprint Reader device\n        License:          Proprietary\n        Size:             425.5\xc2\xa0kB\n        Created:          2021-06-09\n        Urgency:          Medium\n        Vendor:           Synaptics\n        Duration:         2 seconds\n        Flags:            is-upgrade\n        Description:      \n        New features and enhancements:\n        \n        \xe2\x80\xa2 Fix an authentication issue on FOP project.\n

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就我而言，最后一个命令将“UEFI dbx”和“UMIS RPETJ512MGE2QDQ”列为最新，并且“Prometheus”指纹扫描仪有可用更新。

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一旦您满意，您可以运行该fwupdmgr update命令来安装所有可用更新，或手动将要更新的设备的设备 ID 传递给该命令fwupdmgr update 71b677ca0f1bc2c5b804fa1d59e52064ce589293。

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$ fwupdmgr update\nWARNING: UEFI capsule updates not available or enabled in firmware setup\n  See https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd/wiki/PluginFlag:capsules-unsupported for more information.\nDevices with no available firmware updates: \n \xe2\x80\xa2 UEFI dbx\n \xe2\x80\xa2 UMIS RPETJ512MGE2QDQ\nUpgrade available for Prometheus from 10.01.3273255 to 10.01.3478575\nPrometheus and all connected devices may not be usable while updating. Continue with update? [Y|n]: \nDownloading\xe2\x80\xa6             [***************************************] Less than one minute remaining\xe2\x80\xa6\nDecompressing\xe2\x80\xa6           [***************************************]\nAuthenticating\xe2\x80\xa6          [***************************************]\nAuthenticating\xe2\x80\xa6          [***************************************]\nUpdating Prometheus\xe2\x80\xa6     [***************************************]\nRestarting device\xe2\x80\xa6       [***************************************]\nSuccessfully installed firmware\n

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完成固件更新后，下次运行该fwupdmgr get-updates命令时，它会提示您是否要上传固件报告。

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$ fwupdmgr get-updates\nWARNING: UEFI capsule updates not available or enabled in firmware setup\n  See https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd/wiki/PluginFlag:capsules-unsupported for more information.\nDevices with no available firmware updates: \n \xe2\x80\xa2 UEFI dbx\n \xe2\x80\xa2 UMIS RPETJ512MGE2QDQ\nDevices with the latest available firmware version:\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Prometheus\n________________________________________________\n\nDevices that have been updated successfully:\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Prometheus (10.01.3273255 \xe2\x86\x92 10.01.3478575)\n\nUploading firmware reports helps hardware vendors to quickly identify failing and successful updates on real devices.\nUpload report now? (Requires internet connection):\n0.  Do not upload reports at this time, but prompt again for future updates\n1.  Do not upload reports, and never ask to upload reports for future updates\n2.  Upload reports just this one time, but prompt again for future updates\n3.  Upload reports this time and automatically upload reports after completing future updates\n2\nTarget:                  https://fwupd.org/lvfs/firmware/report\nPayload:                 {\n                           "ReportVersion" : 2,\n                           "MachineId" : "fd438561a796bdbcccfc66169378030058c8a453066843b91fa6b107cd73c267",\n                           "Metadata" : {\n                             "DistroId" : "ubuntu",\n                             "DistroVersion" : "21.10"\n                           },\n                           "Reports" : [\n                             {\n                               "Checksum" : "9e3cc95de4a157318c40135009249bb20fe6af7d",\n                               "UpdateState" : 2,\n                               "Guid" : [\n                                 "09e8bf16-3e69-50f5-bb66-c7a040248352"\n                               ],\n                               "Plugin" : "synaptics_prometheus",\n                               "VersionOld" : "10.01.3273255",\n                               "VersionNew" : "10.01.3478575",\n                               "Flags" : 37748770,\n                               "Created" : 1645459678,\n                               "Modified" : 1645460476,\n                               "Metadata" : {\n                                 "HostSku" : "LENOVO_MT_21A0_BU_Think_FM_ThinkPad P14s Gen 2a",\n                                 "RuntimeVersion(org.freedesktop.gusb)" : "0.3.5",\n                                 "CompileVersion(com.redhat.fwupdate)" : "12",\n                                 "DistroVersion" : "21.10",\n                                 "CompileVersion(org.freedesktop.fwupd)" : "1.5.11",\n                                 "HostFamily" : "ThinkPad P14s Gen 2a",\n                                 "KernelName" : "Linux",\n                                 "RuntimeVersion(org.kernel)" : "5.13.0-28-generic",\n                                 "CompileVersion(org.freedesktop.gusb)" : "0.3.5",\n                                 "RuntimeVersion(com.dell.libsmbios)" : "2.4",\n                                 "DistroId" : "ubuntu",\n                                 "CpuArchitecture" : "x86_64",\n                                 "BootTime" : "1645105544",\n                                 "HostVendor" : "LENOVO",\n                                 "RuntimeVersion(org.freedesktop.appstream-glib)" : "0.7.14",\n                                 "HostProduct" : "21A0000CMX",\n                                 "RuntimeVersion(com.redhat.fwupdate)" : "12",\n                                 "RuntimeVersion(org.freedesktop.fwupd)" : "1.5.11",\n                                 "KernelVersion" : "5.13.0-28-generic"\n                               }\n                             }\n                           ]\n                         }\nProceed with upload? [Y|n]: \nIdle\xe2\x80\xa6                    [***************************************]\nSuccessfully uploaded 1 report\nNo updates available for remaining devices\n

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