CUDA安装，无法理解的冲突

Question

CUDA安装，无法理解的冲突

Ant*_*sto 4 package-management nvidia dependencies cuda

已解决，最初的问题以及所有错误消息和尝试如下。

对于那些将来访问此页面的人：

经过我所做的所有尝试后，接受的答案有效，您需要从评论中重建
按照接受的答案中所示安装后，我遇到了 nvcc 问题，该问题仍停留在版本 10.1 上。为了获取最新版本（或与您安装的 CUDA 版本相对应的版本），请记住执行强制安装后操作。

评论中建议的原始问题和尝试

昨天，我的 Ubuntu 20.04 机器意识到它存在 CUDA 冲突。我无法修复它们，因此我决定使用nvidia 网站上的说明卸载它：

sudo apt-get --purge remove <package_name>          # Ubuntu

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我可能做出了一些错误的选择，但我不知道是哪一个。

然后我按照此处的说明进行操作，适用于 Ubuntu。我最终到达此页面并按照说明进行操作。

这就是我所拥有的：

sudo apt-get -y install cuda
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 cuda : Depends: cuda-11-6 (>= 11.6.0) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

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然后：

sudo apt-get -y install cuda
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 cuda : Depends: cuda-11-6 (>= 11.6.0) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

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然后，

sudo apt-get install cuda-runtime-11-6
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 cuda-runtime-11-6 : Depends: cuda-drivers (>= 510.39.01) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

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然后，

sudo apt-get install cuda-drivers
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 cuda-drivers : Depends: cuda-drivers-510 (= 510.47.03-1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

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然后，

sudo apt-get install cuda-drivers-510
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 cuda-drivers-510 : Depends: nvidia-driver-510 (>= 510.47.03) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

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然后，

sudo apt-get install nvidia-driver-510
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 nvidia-driver-510 : Depends: nvidia-dkms-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1)
                     Depends: nvidia-kernel-source-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libnvidia-compute-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libnvidia-extra-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: nvidia-compute-utils-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libnvidia-decode-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libnvidia-encode-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: nvidia-utils-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
                     Recommends: libnvidia-compute-510:i386 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1)
                     Recommends: libnvidia-decode-510:i386 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1)
                     Recommends: libnvidia-encode-510:i386 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1)
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

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sudo apt-get install nvidia-dkms-510
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 nvidia-dkms-510 : Depends: nvidia-kernel-source-510 but it is not going to be installed
                   Depends: nvidia-kernel-common-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

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等等。

我不是系统管理员：我只需要在这台 Linux 机器上安装 nvidia。我保证我进行了大量的网络搜索，但找不到具有清晰且可操作说明的来源。

有没有人能够理解这种混乱的原因，并可以建议一个带有明确说明的解决方案/网页？我不想重新安装操作系统，请告诉我这是否是唯一的解决方案。

https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#pre-installation-actions

按照评论中的要求：

ls -al /etc/apt/preferences.d/cuda-repository-pin-600
4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 190 Jun 29  2020 /etc/apt/preferences.d/cuda-repository-pin-600

cat /etc/apt/preferences.d/cuda-repository-pin-600
Package: nsight-compute
Pin: origin *ubuntu.com*
Pin-Priority: -1

Package: nsight-systems
Pin: origin *ubuntu.com*
Pin-Priority: -1

Package: *
Pin: release l=NVIDIA CUDA
Pin-Priority: 600

apt-cache policy cuda cuda-drivers nvidia-dkms-510 
cuda:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 11.6.0-1
  Version table:
     11.6.0-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
        600 file:/var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-6-local  Packages
     11.5.2-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.5.1-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.5.0-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.4.4-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.4.3-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.4.2-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.4.1-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.4.0-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.3.1-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
        600 file:/var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-3-local  Packages
     11.3.0-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.2.2-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.2.1-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.2.0-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.1.1-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.1.0-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.0.3-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     11.0.2-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
cuda-drivers:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 510.47.03-1
  Version table:
     510.47.03-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     510.39.01-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
        600 file:/var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-6-local  Packages
     495.29.05-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     470.103.01-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     470.82.01-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     470.57.02-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     470.42.01-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     465.19.01-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
        600 file:/var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-3-local  Packages
     460.106.00-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     460.91.03-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     460.73.01-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     460.32.03-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     460.27.04-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     455.45.01-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     455.32.00-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     455.23.05-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     450.172.01-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     450.156.00-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     450.142.00-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     450.119.04-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     450.119.03-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     450.102.04-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     450.80.02-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     450.51.06-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     450.51.05-1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
nvidia-dkms-510:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 510.47.03-0ubuntu1
  Version table:
     510.47.03-0ubuntu1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
     510.47.03-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 500
        500 http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/restricted amd64 Packages
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/restricted amd64 Packages
     510.39.01-0ubuntu1 600
        600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64  Packages
        600 file:/var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-6-local  Packages

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输出：ls -al /var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-6-local/

4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      1633 Jan 11 07:07 7fa2af80.pub
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      2394 Jan 11 07:07 cuda_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      2448 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
  1020 -rw-r--r--  1 root root   1040544 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cccl-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      2464 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-command-line-tools-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
 15044 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  15403332 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-compat-11-6_510.39.01-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      2428 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-compiler-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
   160 -rw-r--r--  1 root root    160604 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cudart-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
   740 -rw-r--r--  1 root root    753790 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cudart-dev-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
   116 -rw-r--r--  1 root root    115138 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cuobjdump-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
 12752 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  13054952 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cupti-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
  2444 -rw-r--r--  1 root root   2500758 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cupti-dev-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
   184 -rw-r--r--  1 root root    188182 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cuxxfilt-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
  3888 -rw-r--r--  1 root root   3977988 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-demo-suite-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
    52 -rw-r--r--  1 root root     49872 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-documentation-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
    28 -rw-r--r--  1 root root     27070 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-driver-dev-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      2500 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-drivers_510.39.01-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      2616 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-drivers-510_510.39.01-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      3170 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-drivers-fabricmanager_510.39.01-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      3206 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-510_510.39.01-1_amd64.deb
  4008 -rw-r--r--  1 root root   4103954 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-gdb-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
 58716 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  60123814 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-gdb-src-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      2508 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-libraries-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      2530 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-libraries-dev-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
   140 -rw-r--r--  1 root root    142296 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-memcheck-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      2440 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-minimal-build-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
115832 -rw-r--r--  1 root root 118608806 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nsight-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      3706 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nsight-compute-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      3306 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nsight-systems-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
 34948 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  35785836 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvcc-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
 32044 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  32809456 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvdisasm-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
    76 -rw-r--r--  1 root root     77328 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvml-dev-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
  1904 -rw-r--r--  1 root root   1946136 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvprof-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
    60 -rw-r--r--  1 root root     57516 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvprune-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
 14628 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  14978358 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvrtc-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
 73704 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  75471468 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvrtc-dev-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
    52 -rw-r--r--  1 root root     51380 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvtx-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
109924 -rw-r--r--  1 root root 112555442 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvvp-11-6_11.6.58-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      2426 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-runtime-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
    16 -rw-r--r--  1 root root     16288 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-samples-11-6_11.6.101-1_amd64.deb
  8328 -rw-r--r--  1 root root   8527458 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-sanitizer-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      3372 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-toolkit-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
    16 -rw-r--r--  1 root root     16308 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-toolkit-11-6-config-common_11.6.55-1_all.deb
    16 -rw-r--r--  1 root root     16342 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-toolkit-11-config-common_11.6.55-1_all.deb
    16 -rw-r--r--  1 root root     16330 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-toolkit-config-common_11.6.55-1_all.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      2390 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-tools-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root       190 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-ubuntu2004.pin
     4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      2868 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-visual-tools-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
 37980 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  38890708 Jan 11 07:07 gds-tools-11-6_1.2.0.100-1_amd64.deb
210464 -rw-r--r--  1 root root 215509372 Jan 11 07:07 libcublas-11-6_11.8.1.74-1_amd64.deb
214852 -rw-r--r--  1 root root 220001236 Jan 11 07:07 libcublas-dev-11-6_11.8.1.74-1_amd64.deb
 66720 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  68320046 Jan 11 07:07 libcufft-11-6_10.7.0.55-1_amd64.deb
148744 -rw-r--r--  1 root root 152311988 Jan 11 07:07 libcufft-dev-11-6_10.7.0.55-1_amd64.deb
   456 -rw-r--r--  1 root root    466618 Jan 11 07:07 libcufile-11-6_1.2.0.100-1_amd64.deb
  7516 -rw-r--r--  1 root root   7693178 Jan 11 07:07 libcufile-dev-11-6_1.2.0.100-1_amd64.deb
 40568 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  41540444 Jan 11 07:07 libcurand-11-6_10.2.9.55-1_amd64.deb
 40896 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  41876588 Jan 11 07:07 libcurand-dev-11-6_10.2.9.55-1_amd64.deb
 46640 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  47753052 Jan 11 07:07 libcusolver-11-6_11.3.2.55-1_amd64.deb
 30376 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  31103978 Jan 11 07:07 libcusolver-dev-11-6_11.3.2.55-1_amd64.deb
 96244 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  98547234 Jan 11 07:07 libcusparse-11-6_11.7.1.55-1_amd64.deb
 96376 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  98683226 Jan 11 07:07 libcusparse-dev-11-6_11.7.1.55-1_amd64.deb
 80636 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  82565404 Jan 11 07:07 libnpp-11-6_11.6.0.55-1_amd64.deb
 79012 -rw-r--r--  1 root root  80907982 Jan 11 07:07 libnpp-dev-11-6_11.6.0.55-1_amd64.deb
     8 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      6900 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-cfg1-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
    80 -rw-r--r--  1 root root     79374 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-cfg1-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
     8 -rw-r--r--  1 root root      6892 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-common-430_510.39.01-0ubunt

Answer 1

hey*_*ema 5

确认您的 BIOS 中已禁用安全启动。
dpkg -l *nvidia*显示没有安装 Nvidia 软件。
确认dkms status没有显示任何剩余的 Nvidia 内核模块：

nvidia, 510.47.03, 5.13.0-28-generic, x86_64: installed

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如果有的话，我们必须dkms remove：

sudo dkms remove nvidia/510.47.03 -k 5.13.0-28-generic

我们将清理并清除这些剩余的软件包：

ii  libnvidia-compute-510:i386       510.47.03-0ubuntu1 i386         NVIDIA libcompute package
ii  libnvidia-decode-510:i386        510.47.03-0ubuntu1 i386         NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries
ii  libnvidia-encode-510:i386        510.47.03-0ubuntu1 i386         NVENC Video Encoding runtime library
ii  libnvidia-fbc1-510:i386          510.47.03-0ubuntu1 i386         NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library

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sudo apt purge package_name

打开附加驱动程序
选择noveau驱动程序并重新启动。
选择 Nvidia 510（经过测试、专有）驱动程序并重新启动。
在终端类型中nvidia-smi
下载并安装 CUDA 11.6。https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads?target_os=Linux&target_arch=x86_64&Distribution=Ubuntu&target_version=20.04&target_type=deb_local
重启

归档时间：	4 年，3 月前
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