内核为 5.15 的 Ubuntu 20.04 - 如何安装 NVidia 驱动程序？

Question

在 Ubuntu 20.04 上安装具有更新内核的 NVidia 驱动程序的推荐方法是什么？通过 apt 安装不起作用。我在安装结束时收到以下错误

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# sudo apt install nvidia-driver-495 -y\n...\n...\nBuilding for 5.15.1-051501-generic\nBuilding for architecture x86_64\nBuilding initial module for 5.15.1-051501-generic\nERROR (dkms apport): kernel package linux-headers-5.15.1-051501-generic is not supported\nError! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 5.15.1-051501-generic (x86_64)\nConsult /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/make.log for more information.\ndpkg: error processing package nvidia-dkms-495 (--configure):\n installed nvidia-dkms-495 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 10\ndpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of nvidia-driver-495:\n nvidia-driver-495 depends on nvidia-dkms-495 (<= 495.44-1); however:\n  Package nvidia-dkms-495 is not configured yet.\n nvidia-driver-495 depends on nvidia-dkms-495 (>= 495.44); however:\n  Package nvidia-dkms-495 is not configured yet.\n\ndpkg: error processing package nvidia-driver-495 (--configure):\n dependency problems - leaving unconfigured\nNo apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.\n...\n

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这是我的硬件的一些信息（笔记本电脑是 Lenovo P15S Gen1 AFAIK）

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# uname -r\n5.15.1-051501-generic\n\n# lspci | grep -E "VGA|3D"\n00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics (rev 02)\n2d:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP108GLM [Quadro P520] (rev a1)\n\n# lscpu | grep -i model\nModel name:                      Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10510U CPU @ 1.80GHz\nModel:                           142\n

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目前我正在使用 Intel GPU，这很好，但我真的不想经常随身携带专用的 NVidia GPU而不使用它。

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看看/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/make.log我在文件末尾有这个

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/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-dma.c:976: warning: "IMPORT_SGT_STUBS_NEEDED" redefined\n  976 | #define IMPORT_SGT_STUBS_NEEDED 0\n      | \n/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-dma.c:970: note: this is the location of the previous definition\n  970 | #define IMPORT_SGT_STUBS_NEEDED 1\n      | \n/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-mmap.c: In function \xe2\x80\x98nv_encode_caching\xe2\x80\x99:\n/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-mmap.c:334:16: warning: this statement may fall through [-Wimplicit-fallthrough=]\n  334 |             if (NV_ALLOW_CACHING(memory_type))\n      |                ^\n/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-mmap.c:337:9: note: here\n  337 |         default:\n      |         ^~~~~~~\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nmake[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:277: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-cray.o] Error 1\nmake[2]: *** Deleting file '/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-cray.o'\nmake[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nmake[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:277: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-i2c.o] Error 1\nmake[2]: *** Deleting file '/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-i2c.o'\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nmake[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:277: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-p2p.o] Error 1\nmake[2]: *** Deleting file '/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-p2p.o'\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nmake[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:277: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-mmap.o] Error 1\nmake[2]: *** Deleting file '/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-mmap.o'\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nmake[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:277: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-pci.o] Error 1\nmake[2]: *** Deleting file '/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-pci.o'\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nmake[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:277: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-dma.o] Error 1\nmake[2]: *** Deleting file '/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-dma.o'\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nmake[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:277: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-acpi.o] Error 1\nmake[2]: *** Deleting file '/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv-acpi.o'\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nscripts/basic/fixdep: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by scripts/basic/fixdep)\nmake[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:277: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv.o] Error 1\nmake[2]: *** Deleting file '/var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build/nvidia/nv.o'\nmake[1]: *** [Makefile:1874: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.44/build] Error 2\nmake[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.15.1-051501-generic'\nmake: *** [Makefile:80: modules] Error 2\n\n

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我对老司机也有同样的问题。看来主线内核要求 glibc 至少是 v2.33，目前仅在 Ubuntu 21.04 中可用。

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Answer 1

这是解决方案。正如我们从我的帖子中看到的，make.log 文件显示需要 glibc >= 2.33，但 Ubuntu 20.04 使用 glibc 2.31 ( ldconfig --version)。

由于Nmath 的评论，在睡了一晚之后，我检查了我的工作站，该工作站也运行带有 1080 Ti GPU 的 Ubuntu 20.04，该内核正在与 Nvidia 驱动程序配合使用。就我而言，目前它是内核版本5.11.0-40-generic。启动到这个内核后，我删除了通过主线应用程序安装的所有较新的内核。下次重新启动后，我通过sudo apt install nvidia-driver-495命令安装了最新的 NVidia 驱动程序。这次驱动程序安装工作没有问题，因为原始内核是使用 glibc 2.31 构建的。

之后我启动后出现黑屏。Ctrl我通过++切换Alt到终端F2。进入终端后，我通过备份 xorg.conf 文件sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak并确保 nvidia 驱动程序没有被列入/etc/modprobe.d/和中的黑名单/lib/modprobe.d/。最后我切换sudo prime-select intel到 intel 驱动程序，然后又切换sudo prime-select nvidia回 nvidia 驱动程序。再次重启后就成功了。