E.M*_*med 6 upgrade package-management apt do-release-upgrade 16.04
我有一台 HP EliteBook 2540p。我想将 Ubuntu 16.04 升级到更新版本。我发现我需要升级到18.04才能升级到20.04。
我通过使用以下命令更新系统并升级软件和软件包来尝试推荐的过程：
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
Hit:1 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:2 http://ppa.launchpad.net/canonical-chromium-builds/stage/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:3 http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:4 http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable InRelease
Ign:5 http://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable InRelease
Hit:6 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Hit:7 http://ma.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [109 kB]
Hit:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net/clipgrab-team/ppa/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:10 http://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable Release
Get:11 http://ma.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [109 kB]
Get:12 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial InRelease [66.2 kB]
Hit:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net/nathan-renniewaldock/flux/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:14 https://deb.opera.com/opera-stable stable InRelease
Hit:15 https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com xenial InRelease
Hit:16 https://brave-browser-apt-dev.s3.brave.com xenial InRelease
Hit:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/nilarimogard/webupd8/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:18 https://brave-browser-apt-beta.s3.brave.com xenial InRelease
Get:19 https://repo.skype.com/deb stable InRelease [4,502 B]
Hit:20 https://brave-browser-apt-nightly.s3.brave.com xenial InRelease
Hit:21 http://ppa.launchpad.net/noobslab/indicators/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:22 https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu xenial-infra-security InRelease
Get:23 http://ma.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [107 kB]
Hit:24 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_5.x xenial InRelease
Hit:25 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:26 https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu xenial-infra-updates InRelease
Hit:27 http://ppa.launchpad.net/remmina-ppa-team/remmina-next/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:29 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntugis/ubuntugis-unstable/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:30 https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any any InRelease
Hit:31 https://packagecloud.io/shiftkey/desktop/any any InRelease
Err:19 https://repo.skype.com/deb stable InRelease
The following signatures were invalid: KEYEXPIRED 1624268195 KEYEXPIRED 1624268195 KEYEXPIRED 1624268195
Hit:32 https://packagecloud.io/slacktechnologies/slack/debian jessie InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
W: Target Packages (main/binary-amd64/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list:3 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list:1
W: Target Packages (main/binary-all/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list:3 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list:1
W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en_US) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list:3 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list:1
W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list:3 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list:1
W: Target DEP-11 (main/dep11/Components-amd64.yml) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list:3 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list:1
W: Target DEP-11-icons (main/dep11/icons-64x64.tar) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list:3 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list:1
W: GPG error: https://repo.skype.com/deb stable InRelease: The following signatures were invalid: KEYEXPIRED 1624268195 KEYEXPIRED 1624268195 KEYEXPIRED 1624268195
E: The repository 'https://repo.skype.com/deb stable InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: Target Packages (main/binary-amd64/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list:3 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list:1
W: Target Packages (main/binary-all/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list:3 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list:1
W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en_US) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list:3 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list:1
W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list:3 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list:1
W: Target DEP-11 (main/dep11/Components-amd64.yml) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list:3 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list:1
W: Target DEP-11-icons (main/dep11/icons-64x64.tar) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list:3 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list:1
我认为我无法获得所需的所有更新和升级，而且我不知道问题出在哪里。
之后我尝试使用此命令来检查可用版本：
$ sudo do-release-upgrade -c
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
New release '18.04.6 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.
看起来它可以工作，但是当我尝试升级命令时，它不起作用：
$ sudo do-release-upgrade
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading.
我不知道问题是什么。
Nma*_*ath 11
简而言之，您等了太久才轻松有效地做到这一点。
16.04 已经过了标准支持，这意味着除非您使用扩展安全维护 ( ESM ) ，否则不再有更新。您需要先执行更新，然后才能升级到下一个版本，如果不使用 ESM 就无法做到这一点。因此出现了问题。
您可以注册 ESM，执行系统维护，理论上应该能够顺利升级到 18.04。
但既然你想使用 20.04，那么发布升级就没有任何意义了。升级时您不能轻易跳过版本，并且升级总是有可能不成功，具体取决于您的硬件和系统上已安装的内容，特别是如果您有任何不是来自 Ubuntu 存储库的软件。发布升级也需要很长时间才能完成。
此时，您最好干净地安装 20.04。 请记住，LTS 版本附带 5 年标准支持，如果您不想将来陷入这种困境，请确保及时升级。在新的 LTS 之后，您有整整三年的时间升级到下一个 LTS，直到它不再受支持。
您还可以注册 ubuntu-announce 邮件列表以获取有关新版本和 EOL 公告的电子邮件：
https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-announce
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