升级到 20.04 无法安装 gnome-control-center

Question

我刚刚将我的 ubuntu 从 18.04 升级到 20.04，并立即意识到我无法打开设置。我读到问题与 gnome-control-center 有关，但是当我使用

sudo apt install gnome-control-center

我得到

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 gnome-control-center : Depends: libcheese-gtk25 (>= 3.18.0) but it is not going to be installed
                        Depends: libcheese8 (>= 3.28.0) but it is not going to be installed
                        Depends: libgoa-backend-1.0-1 (>= 3.10.0) but it is not going to be installed
                        Recommends: gnome-online-accounts (>= 3.25.3) but it is not going to be installed
                        Recommends: gnome-user-docs but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

然后，我在这里找到了这个讨论，并尝试按照每个提出的解决方案来解决这个未满足的依赖问题。不幸的是，没有任何效果。

我的下一次尝试是按照此处的说明进行操作。所以我开始在我的sudo apt install命令中添加每个包依赖，然后新的依赖出现并重复这个过程。我的最终命令是

sudo apt-get install gnome-online-accounts gnome-control-center gnome-user-docs libcheese-gtk25 libcheese8 libgoa-backend-1.0-1 libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 ubuntu-docs yelp libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 libcogl20 gstreamer1.0-clutter-3.0 libgl1 libgstreamer-gl1.0-0 libgl1-mesa-dri libglvnd0 libglx0 libglapi-mesa libglx-mesa0

输出是

    Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
libglapi-mesa is already the newest version (20.2.0~kisak1~b).
libglvnd0 is already the newest version (1.3.2-1~kisak~b).
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1 : Depends: libglvnd0 (= 1.3.1-1ubuntu0.20.04.1) but 1.3.2-1~kisak~b is to be installed
 libgl1-mesa-dri : Depends: libglapi-mesa (= 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) but 20.2.0~kisak1~b is to be installed
 libglx-mesa0 : Depends: libglapi-mesa (= 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) but 20.2.0~kisak1~b is to be installed
 libglx0 : Depends: libglvnd0 (= 1.3.1-1ubuntu0.20.04.1) but 1.3.2-1~kisak~b is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

之后，如果在命令末尾添加libglvnd0和，我会得到相同的输出。我不知道接下来要做什么，我有点绝望，非常害怕重启我的电脑。libglapi-mesasudo apt install

Answer 1

我使用aptitude删除并重新安装两个未满足的依赖项libglvnd0和libglapi-mesa. 我无法使用 apt 或 apt-get 删除/安装它们，但aptitude效果很好。之后，我保持相同的过程，即添加最终出现在sudo apt install命令中的新依赖项，并在出现问题时重新安装它们。

长话短说：

• 如果未满足的依赖有这样的描述：

  gnome-control-center : 取决于: libcheese-gtk25 (>= 3.18.0)但它不会被安装

用于同时sudo apt install package1 package2安装所有依赖项；一一安装就不行了。

• 否则，如果描述是这样的：

  libgl1 : 依赖: libglvnd0 (= 1.3.1-1ubuntu0.20.04.1)但要安装1.3.2-1~kisak~b

用于aptitude重新安装它们。以下命令分别安装aptitude、删除有问题的包并安装。

sudo apt install aptitude
sudo aptitude remove package
sudo aptitude install package

解决了这个问题后，我立即得到了另一个。我试图重新启动我的电脑，但它从未到达登录屏幕。我一定是在测试解决方案时不小心删除了一些重要的包。我通过启动恢复模式解决了这个问题，打开 root shell 并输入

sudo apt install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop