拔下并重新插入终端中的 USB 设备

Question

多年来，我一直在处理这个 Ubuntu 错误，我的鼠标在启动后很快冻结，然后定期冻结。要修复它，我必须物理拔下鼠标的 USB 收发器并重新插入。根据我的研究，当双启动 Linux 和 Windows 时，USB 无线 Windows 鼠标会发生此错误。

有没有办法以编程方式（从终端）拔下 USB 收发器，而不是物理上拔掉？我想在我的启动 bash 脚本中实现这一点。

我正在使用 Ubuntu 16.04

编辑：我解决了我的问题，但它与我的问题并没有真正的关系。

在文件..

/etc/laptop-mode/conf.d/runtime-pm.conf

我不得不做

CONTROL_RUNTIME_AUTOSUSPEND=0

这修复了我多年来遇到的鼠标错误。

Answer 1

I wrote a script to show how I’d do that:

#!/bin/bash

port="1-1.1" # as shown by lsusb -t: {bus}-{port}(.{subport})

bind_usb() {
  echo "$1" >/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/bind
}

unbind_usb() {
  echo "$1" >/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind
}

unbind_usb "$port"
# sleep 1 # enable delay here
bind_usb "$port"

First you need to get the bus and port number of the usb port in question. You can do that with lsusb and any device you recognize in lsusb’s output, I use a Sandisk pendrive here:

$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 04f2:b39a Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd 
Bus 001 Device 112: ID 8087:07dc Intel Corp. 
Bus 001 Device 019: ID 04d9:1603 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc. Keyboard
Bus 001 Device 018: ID 0424:2504 Standard Microsystems Corp. USB 2.0 Hub
Bus 001 Device 022: ID 0781:5567 SanDisk Corp. Cruzer Blade
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp. 
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
$ lsusb -t
/:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/3p, 480M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/8p, 480M
        |__ Port 1: Dev 22, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 480M
        |__ Port 2: Dev 18, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
            |__ Port 1: Dev 19, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
            |__ Port 1: Dev 19, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
        |__ Port 7: Dev 112, If 0, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
        |__ Port 7: Dev 112, If 1, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
        |__ Port 8: Dev 5, If 1, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M
        |__ Port 8: Dev 5, If 0, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M

From the output of lsusb you get the bus and device number of the device, then search this device in the output of lsusb -t to get the bus and port number (sometimes with subports). The syntax is:

1-2.3 # for Bus 1 Port 2 Subport 3 – strip leading zeroes!

Use this as port in the script. Now you just need to make it executable with chmod +x /path/to/script and run it with root permissions:

sudo /path/to/script

I didn’t need one for my pendrive, but it may be necessary for you to add a delay between unbinding and binding again, that’s what the commented out sleep 1 line is for – you can experiment with the values, e.g. sleep 0.5 for half a second.

Note that this approach shows how to disable and enable again a certain USB port, if you want a specific device to be unbound and rebound again you’ll have to use the same USB port for this to work. One could think of a way to parse lsusb’s output to dynamically get the bus and port number of a specific device every time the script is called, this would allow you to use any USB port, but I feel that would be an overkill here.

^{Suggestions taken from this linux.com blog article.}

Answer 2

#!/bin/bash

port="usb1" # replace '1' with actual bus number as shown by lsusb -t: {bus}-{port}(.{subport})

bind_usb() {
  echo "$1" >/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/bind
}

unbind_usb() {
  echo "$1" >/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind
}

unbind_usb "$port"
# sleep 1 # enable delay here
bind_usb "$port"

与之前的答案类似，这将重置集线器。如果您在wireshark 等程序中观察usb 流量，您会发现前面的答案不会导致设备重新枚举，而只是重新启动设备驱动程序。重新启动集线器在内核的 USB 树中更深入一点，并强制设备完全重新枚举。