Bash 模板使用 zenity（或 yad）在文件或数据库中插入/编辑/删除记录

Question

I\xe2\x80\x99m 正在寻找使用zenity或yad来维护记录列表的bash 模板。该模板可以是带有打印选项的购物清单，也可以是用于监视 ping 时间的服务器列表。无论哪种情况，我\xe2\x80\x99d 都喜欢采用该代码并采用它来满足我的需要。

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这是一个示例对话框模型：

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该对话框允许选择记录并单击以下按钮：

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• Insert before（在所选记录之前插入）。安装了一个新的输入表单来输入字段。
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• Edit（编辑选定的记录）。安装与“插入之前”相同的表单，但显示现有值。
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• Delete（删除选定的记录）。显示现有记录的内容并请求确认。
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• Run- 运行一个冗长的更新过程，用 \xe2\x80\x9cMatcheOK / Different / Error\xe2\x80\x9d 更新状态列。系统会提示用户对所选记录或所有记录运行更新。所有记录处理完毕后显示进度显示栏。
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• Cancel ALL- 不要保存任何更改并退出 bash 脚本。按下Escape或通过单击关闭窗口X执行相同的操作。如果有任何记录发生更改，请确认。
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• Save- 将更改保存到磁盘并退出 bash 脚本。
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注意：看来 zenity 只允许重新标记 \xe2\x80\x9cOK\xe2\x80\x9d 和 \xe2\x80\x9cCancel\xe2\x80\x9d 按钮。无法在 zenity 中定义新按钮。因此 yad ( Y et A another D）就是最佳选择。然而，zenity 仍然是一个问题，因为基于它的脚本可以很容易地转换为 yad。

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我\xe2\x80\x99已经用谷歌搜索了现有的例子，这些是最接近的，但仍然远远不够令人满意：

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• 从 zenity 更新文本文件

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• 使用 SQL 中的列表填充 zenity

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• 使用脚本文件中的 zenity 在 SQL 中插入/查看数据

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• 可滚动字段太长而无法适应窗口的示例

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• 使用 yad（Yet Another Dialog）作为多个按钮的 Zenity 分支

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• Source Forge\xe2\x80\x99s 关闭电源/重新启动/挂起/注销的示例

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注意：我\xe2\x80\x99m并不是在寻找完整的解决方案，而是在寻找可以适应该项目的接近的解决方案。尽管该项目使用平面文本文件，但可以采用使用 SQL、ISAM 或 RDMS 的现有脚本。唯一的要求是它是用 bash 编写的，而不是 python、perl 或 C 等。

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任何人都可以指出使用 zenity （或 yad）插入/编辑/删除记录的现有 bash 脚本吗？

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Answer 1

YAD（又一个对话）是最好的方法

YAD 是 Zenity 的一个分支，提供对按钮、列表和 GTK 界面的高级控制。例如，当在此答案中输入文件名时，YAD 可以轻松地为我们提供常规 GUI 系统界面：

主对话框窗口示例

主窗口隐藏了记录编号列，您可以显示该列以进行调试：

示例插入/编辑窗口

同一窗口用于在现有记录之前插入记录或编辑现有记录：

请注意“文件名”字段。当您输入它时，第一部分中会出现文件选择对话框。

bash 代码

以下是制作示例 YAD 插入/编辑/删除记录模板的 bash 代码。请注意，仍然需要额外的编码来读取文件并添加“运行”命令的处理逻辑。可能需要额外的编码来支持带有嵌入空格的文件名，但这尚未经过测试。

#!/bin/bash

# NAME: websync
# PATH: $HOME/bin
# DESC: Provide list of files and corresponding website addresses.

# DATE: Mar 25, 2017.

# NOTE: Uses yad which is fork of zenity which is GUI fork of dialog.

# TODO: Add local file date modified. Add Answer last revision date.
#       Add question title.
#       Add file word count, or size, or ignore as irrelevant?
#   Add answer word count if file word count is displayed.
#       Add answer up votes.
#   Scan directory to add all files. ("Populate" button)
#   Initialize $ListArr[@] < /home/$USER/bin/.websync
#   Use "|" as ListArr delimeter or (double quotes?) for file names with spaces

# Must have the yad package.
command -v yad >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo >&2 "yad package required but it is not installed.  Aborting."; exit 99; }

# Must have the zenity package.
command -v zenity >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo >&2 "yad package required but it is not installed.  Aborting."; exit 99; }

RenumberListArr () {
# This is called after inserting or deleting records.
# Record numbers may not be sequential because user can sort on any column
# Record nubmers must be unique as they are used to find the correct record in ListArr array.
# Matching on "file name" or any other field is impossible because there may be duplicate names.

# Define variables for easy reading and fewer code line changes when expanding
RecArrCnt=5
ListArrCnt=${#ListArr[@]}

i=1 # First element (0) is "false", followed by record number element (1)
j=1 # Record numbers start at 1

while [ $i -lt $ListArrCnt ] ; do
    ListArr[$i]=$j
    j=$(($j + 1))
    i=$(($i + $RecArrCnt))
# echo "Renumber i: $i j: $j"
done

}

OLDIFS="$IFS"
IFS="|"
ListArr=()

# TODO: Replace this section with IFS=' ' read -ra CfgArr < /home/$USER/bin/.websync

ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" false "1" "/usr/local/bin/display-auto-brightness" "Different")
Modified=$(stat "/usr/local/bin/display-auto-brightness" | grep "Modify:"| cut -f2 -d" ")
echo "Modified: $Modified" # File modified date is a future list array new field
ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" "http://askubuntu.com/questions/894460/automatically-adjust-display-brightness-based-on-sunrise-and-sunset/894470#894470")
ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" false "2" "/usr/local/bin/sun-hours" "Matches")
ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" "http://askubuntu.com/questions/894460/automatically-adjust-display-brightness-based-on-sunrise-and-sunset/894470#894470")
ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" false "3" "/etc/cron.daily/sun-hours" "Matches")
ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" "http://askubuntu.com/questions/894460/automatically-adjust-display-brightness-based-on-sunrise-and-sunset/894470#894470")
ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" false "4" "/home/rick/.conkyrc" "Matches")
ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" "http://askubuntu.com/questions/894460/automatically-adjust-display-brightness-based-on-sunrise-and-sunset/894470#894470")
ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" false "5" "/usr/local/bin/auto-brightness-config" "Matches")
ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" "http://askubuntu.com/questions/894460/automatically-adjust-display-brightness-based-on-sunrise-and-sunset/894470#894470")
ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" false "6" "/etc/cron.d/display-auto-brightness" "Matches")
ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" "http://askubuntu.com/questions/894460/automatically-adjust-display-brightness-based-on-sunrise-and-sunset/894470#894470")
ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" false "7" "/home/rick/bin/indicator-sysmonitor-display" "Different")
ListArr=("${ListArr[@]}" "http://askubuntu.com/questions/882419/can-bash-display-in-systray-as-application-indicator/882420#882420")

TransCount=0 # Number of Inserts, Edits and Deletes

# Read Only Status column: Recalc, Different, Matches, Bad File, No Address, Bad Address
# Debugging: --hide-column=2 hides Read Only record number column for normal operation

while true ; do

# adjust width & height below for your screen 900x600 default for 1920x1080 HD screen
# also adjust font="14" below if blue title text is too small or too large
Record=(`yad \
    --title "websync - Compare local scripts to those published on internet." --list \
        --text '<span foreground="blue" font="14"> \
        Click column heading to sort.\
        Select record before clicking: Insert / Edit / Delete</span>' \
        --width=1200 --height=600 --center --radiolist -separator="$IFS" \
        --button="Insert before":10 --button="Edit":20 --button="Delete":30 --button="Run":40 \
        --button="Cancel ALL":50 --button="Save":60 --search-column=3 \
        --column "Select" --column "Record number" --hide-column=2 --column "File Name" \
        --column "Status" --column " Website Address" \
        "${ListArr[@]}"`)
Action=$?

RecSelected=false
RecArr=()
i=0

# Button values 1 and 3 don't work for returning selected record for some reason???
# Button values 11, 13 and 15 don't work either. 12, 14 and 16 work. 
# Therefore use Button values (10, 20, 30...) for readability.
for Field in "${Record[@]}" ; do
    RecSelected=true
    RecArr[i++]=$Field
done

# Define variables for easy reading and fewer code line changes when expanding
RecArrCnt=5
ListArrCnt=${#ListArr[@]}

# Error checking
if [[ $Action == 10 ]] || [[ $Action == 20 ]] || [[ $Action == 30 ]] ; then
    if [[ $RecSelected == false ]] ; then
    zenity --error --text 'You must select a record before clicking: Insert / Edit / Delete.'
    continue
    fi
fi

# Insert before || or Edit ?
if [[ $Action == 10 ]] || [[ $Action == 20 ]] ; then

    RecArr[3]="Recalc"
    # --text="Set fields and click OK to update" 
    # Note if there is a space at end of line, next line generates invalid command error from yad
    NewRecArr=(`yad --width=900 --height=300 --title="Link file to Website Address" \
        --form --center \
        --field="File name":FL --field="Status":RO \
        --field="Website Address":TXT \
        ${RecArr[2]} ${RecArr[3]} ${RecArr[4]}`)
    ret=$?

    # Cancel =252, OK = 0
    # OK & Insert operation?
    if [[ $ret == 0 ]] && [[ $Action == 10 ]]; then
        # Create new list entry and renumber
    ((TransCount++)) # Update number of changes
        let i=1      # Base 0 array, record number is second field

    while [ $i -lt $ListArrCnt ] ; do
        if [ ${ListArr[$i]} -eq ${RecArr[1]} ]; then
        # We have matching record number to insert before
            NewArr+=( false )
            NewArr+=( "${ListArr[$i]}" )
            NewArr+=( "${NewRecArr[0]}" )
            NewArr+=( "${NewRecArr[1]}" )
            NewArr+=( "${NewRecArr[2]}" )
        fi
        let j=$(( $i-1 ))
        let k=$(( $j+$RecArrCnt ))
        while [ $j -lt $k ] ; do
            NewArr+=( "${ListArr[$j]}" )
        j=$(($j + 1))
        done
        let i=$(($i + $RecArrCnt)) # Next list array entry to copy
    done
    ListArr=("${NewArr[@]}")
    unset NewArr
    RenumberListArr

    # OK & Edit operation?
    elif [[ $ret == 0 ]] && [[ $Action == 20 ]]; then
        # Update array entry
    ((TransCount++))
        let i=1
    while [ $i -lt $ListArrCnt ] ; do
        if [ ${ListArr[$i]} -eq ${RecArr[1]} ]; then
        # We have matching record number
        ListArr[++i]="${NewRecArr[0]}"
        ListArr[++i]="New"
        ListArr[++i]="${NewRecArr[2]}"
        let i=$(($ListArrCnt + 1)) # force exit from while loop
        else
        let i=$(($i + $RecArrCnt)) # Check next entry
        fi
    done
    fi

# Delete record?
elif [[ $Action == 30 ]] ; then
    # --text="click OK to confirm delete" 
    # Note if there is a space at end of a script line, the next line generates 
    # "invalid command error from yad
    yad --width=900 --height=300 --title="Do you really want to delete this record?" \
        --text '<span foreground="blue" font="14">Click OK to confirm delete.</span>' \
        --form --center \
        --field="File name":RO --field="Status":RO \
        --field="Website Address":RO \
        ${RecArr[2]} ${RecArr[3]} ${RecArr[4]}
    ret=$?

    # Cancel =252, OK = 0
    if [[ $ret == 0 ]] ; then
        # Delete record from list array and renumber
    ((TransCount++))
        let i=1
    while [ $i -lt $ListArrCnt ] ; do
        if [ ${ListArr[$i]} -eq ${RecArr[1]} ]; then
        # We have matching record number
        j=$(($i - 1))
        k=$(($j + $RecArrCnt))
        while [ $j -lt $k ] ; do
            unset 'ListArr[$j]'
            j=$(($j + 1))
        done
        for i in "${!ListArr[@]}"; do
                NewArr+=( "${ListArr[$i]}" )
        done
        ListArr=("${NewArr[@]}")
        unset NewArr
        let i=$(($ListArrCnt + 1)) # force exit from while loop
        else
        let i=$(($i + $RecArrCnt)) # Check next entry
        fi
    done
    RenumberListArr
    else
        continue # cancel changes.
    fi

# Run update process?
elif [[ $Action == 40 ]] ; then
    continue # TODO: Run

# Cancel all changes?
elif [[ $Action == 50 ]] || [[ $Action == 252 ]] ; then
    # Cancel ALL || or X the window or Escape
    if [[ $TransCount -gt 0 ]] ; then
    zenity --question --text "You have made $TransCount change(s). Do you really want to cancel?"
    rc=$? 
    if [[ $rc -eq 0 ]] ; then
        exit
    fi
    else
    exit
    fi

# Save changes?
elif [[ $Action == 60 ]] ; then
    # Save
    echo ${ListArr[@]} > ~/bin/.websync
    exit
else
    zenity --error --text "~/bin/websync - Unknown button return code: $Action"
    exit
fi

done # End of while loop

IFS="$OLDIFS"

exit

概括

bash希望这可以节省其他人使用他们自己的记录管理系统的大量时间yad。当然，可以使用 Python 或 C 来完成更多的防弹和可能更快的方法，但这可能会以更多的代码行和更高的学习曲线为代价。

归根结底，这个项目是针对那些想要更多地了解 bash 以及在纯 bash 环境中可以完成什么的人。

也许 AskUbuntu 是发布此内容的错误论坛，Stack Overflow 或 Unix & Linux 论坛可能是更好的 Stack Exchange 候选者。我期待对此的评论，因为我真的不确定最好的地方。

当然，我也始终期待一般性评论和建设性批评:)