根据日出和日落自动调整显示亮度
Win*_*nix 11 display backlight laptop brightness
Ask Ubuntu中有类似的问题和答案指向这些解决方案：
但它们要么需要手动输入日出和日落时间，要么只是调整色彩平衡并在晚上添加更多红色。
我正在寻找一种解决方案，它可以每天自动获取日出和日落时间并物理调整显示亮度。此外，我想要一个 60 到 120 分钟的过渡效果，所以我不会注意到显示的变化。
在阴天（外面较暗）或当太阳恰好落在两座三层楼而不是屋顶（日落前更亮）之间时重新配置应该是一个快速而简单的过程。
2019 年更新的帖子 - Eyesome
Eyesome 是一个 bash 脚本，它作为守护进程运行，大部分时间 24/7 都在睡觉。它通过硬件接口自动调整笔记本电脑显示器的屏幕亮度（也可选择伽玛），并使用 xrandr 的软件控制最多两台其他显示器。
在日出时（每天从互联网上自动获取时间），您的屏幕亮度（以及可选的 gamma）会逐渐调整。渐进式调整由您定义，但 120 分钟对我有用。为了使调整不明显，请在调整之间设置一个睡眠间隔。15 到 60 秒之间的任何地方都可能是最好的，默认值为 60。
Eyesome 守护进程在日落过渡开始之前会休眠很多小时。与日出过渡相反，日落过渡逐渐降低屏幕亮度（以及可选的伽玛），因此它是不明显的。建议在日落前 90 分钟，但您可以设置任何您喜欢的时间段。
在日落过渡期间，伽马可以被定义为增加。例如，Red gamma 可以定义为白天的 1.0 和晚上的 1.2，以减少眼睛疲劳。反过来，蓝色伽玛可以定义为白天的 1.0 和晚上的 0.8，因此它会减少。
为了减少资源，eyesome 在日落和日出过渡之间的整个时间段都处于睡眠状态。从挂起或热插拔外部显示器恢复时有一次例外。这取决于你住的地方和一年中的季节，但平均睡眠时间为 12 小时。
2017 年的原帖
介绍
这是一个 bash 解决方案，无需安装其他程序。它需要 Internet 连接（如果您正在阅读本文，您有一个）才能每天自动获取日出和日落时间。它提供了一个用户友好的配置屏幕。它自动启动，cron不需要用户交互。
这个答案分为多个部分
- 每天自动获取日出和日落时间
cron - 配置亮度设置和过渡时间
- 根据一天中的时间调整亮度的主脚本
- 每次启动时自动启动 display-auto-brightness
cron - 即时/透明亮度调整从暂停恢复
- 概括
使用 cron 每天自动获取日出和日落时间
有许多网站可以报告您所在位置的日出和日落时间。该脚本使用（https://www.timeanddate.com/）长期以来一直是知名站点。
使用 sudo 权限编辑文件/usr/local/bin/sun-hours并粘贴：
#!/bin/bash
# Called daily from /etc/cron.daily/sun-hours
while true; do
### "-q"= quiet, "-O-" pipe output
echo $(wget -q -O- https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/canada/edmonton | grep -oE 'Sunrise Today.{35}' | awk -F\> '{print $3}' | tr --delete "<") > /tmp/sunrise
echo $(wget -q -O- https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/canada/edmonton | grep -oE 'Sunset Today.{35}' | awk -F\> '{print $3}' | tr --delete "<") > /tmp/sunset
## If network is down files will have one byte size
size1=$(wc -c < /tmp/sunrise)
size2=$(wc -c < /tmp/sunset)
if [ $size1 -gt 1 ] && [ $size2 -gt 1 ] ; then
cp /tmp/sunrise /usr/local/bin/sunrise
cp /tmp/sunset /usr/local/bin/sunset
chmod 666 /usr/local/bin/sunrise
chmod 666 /usr/local/bin/sunset
rm /tmp/sunrise
rm /tmp/sunset
exit 0
else
logger "/etc/cron.daily/sun-hours: Network is down. Waiting 5 minutes to try again."
sleep 300
fi
done
在保存脚本之前，将 的两次替换为/canada/edmonton您自己的国家和城市。访问该站点www.timeanddate.com以获取确切的名称或编号。例如，“Paris, USA”有几十个名称，因此它们将包含一个数字，例如/worldclock/@5205082“Paris, PA USA”。
每天使用 cron 运行 sun-hour 脚本
使用 sudo 权限编辑文件/etc/cron.daily/sun-hours并粘贴：
#!/bin/sh
#
# Each day /etc/cron.daily/sun-hours will get sunrise and sunset times.
sleep 60 # give time for network to come up.
/usr/local/bin/sun-hours
将两个文件标记为可执行文件，sudo chmod a+x ___/sun-hours其中“___”是每个文件的目录。
使用 Conky 监控每天日出/日落时间的变化
Conky是一种流行的系统监控工具。以下是显示日出、日落和亮度设置的命令：
${color orange}${voffset 2}${hr 1}
${color}${goto 5}Day: ${color green}${execpi 300 cat /usr/local/bin/sunrise} ${color}Night: ${color green}${execpi 300 cat /usr/local/bin/sunset} ${color}Level: ${color green}${execpi 10 cat cat /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness}
${color orange}${voffset 2}${hr 1}
这是它的样子：
注意：此 Conky 代码使用intel_backlight您需要根据您的显示适配器进行更改的代码，如下部分所述。
配置亮度设置和过渡时间
您不希望您的显示器在日出时变为全亮而在日落时变为全暗。需要一个过渡期。此外，还需要一个配置文件来记录全亮度和全暗的变量。这是配置屏幕：
屏幕是使用标准zenity命令构建的，因此现有值显示在带有“（值）”标签的标签中，如果需要，您可以键入新值。否则，当新值为空时，将保留现有文件。
intel_backlight如果不同，请更换为您的显示驱动程序。要找出您的姓名，请使用：ls /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness。
使用 sudo 权限创建文件/usr/local/bin/auto-brightness-config并粘贴以下代码：
#!/bin/bash
# Read hidden configuration file with entries separated by " " into array
IFS=' ' read -ra CfgArr < /usr/local/bin/.auto-brightness-config
# Zenity form with current values in entry label
# because initializing multiple entry data fields not supported
output=$(zenity --forms --title="Display Auto Brightness Configuration" \
--text="Enter new settings or leave entries blank to keep (existing) settings" \
--add-entry="/sys/class/backlight/??????/brightness driver : (${CfgArr[0]})" \
--add-entry="Day time maximum display brightness : (${CfgArr[1]})" \
--add-entry="Transition minutes after sunrise to maximum : (${CfgArr[2]})" \
--add-entry="Night time minimum display brightness : (${CfgArr[3]})" \
--add-entry="Transition minutes before sunset to minimum : (${CfgArr[4]})")
IFS='|' read -a ZenArr <<<$output # Split zenity entries separated by "|" into array elements
# Update non-blank zenity array entries into configuration array
for i in ${!ZenArr[@]}; do
if [[ ${ZenArr[i]} != "" ]]; then CfgArr[i]=${ZenArr[i]} ; fi
done
# write hidden configuration file using array (fields automatically separated by " ")
echo "${CfgArr[@]}" > /usr/local/bin/.auto-brightness-config
使用以下命令将文件标记为可执行文件：
chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/auto-brightness-config
主程序 display-auto-brightness
使用 sudo 权限创建文件/usr/local/bin/display-auto-brightness并粘贴以下代码：
#!/bin/bash
# NAME: display-auto-brightness
# PATH: /usr/local/bin
# DESC: Set display brightness based on min/max values, sun rise/set time
# and transition minutes.
# CALL: Called from cron on system startup with @reboot option.
# DATE: Feb 17, 2017. Modified: Dec 2, 2017.
# NOTE: Only sleep for 1 minute to make display brightness changes gradual.
# Configuration file can change any time so variables reread when waking.
# The file is maintained by /usr/local/bin/auto-brightness-config script.
# Sunrise and sunset time obtained from www.dateandtime.com using
# /usr/local/bin/sun-hours script. The script is called from cron using
# /etc/cron.daily/cron-daily-sun-hours. Variables stored in am/pm format
# in /usr/local/bin/sunrise and /usr/local/bin/sunset.
# When suspending at 6 am it might be dark with setting at 300. When
# resuming at 4:30pm it might be full sun and setting needs to be 2000.
# It will take between 1 and 59 seconds to adjust screen brightness with
# sudden jump in brightness. To correct this create kill sleep command
# during suspend with /lib/systemd/system-sleep/display-auto-brightness
# script.
# TODO: Add support for external monitors connected via HDMI / DisplayPort.
# xrandr --output HDMI-0 --brightness .799
# xrandr --output DP-1-1 --brightness 1.15
if [[ $(id -u) != 0 ]]; then # root powers needed to call this script
echo display-auto-brightness must be called with sudo powers
exit 1
fi
# global variable
LastSetting=""
function set-and-sleep {
if [[ "$1" != "$LastSetting" ]]; then
sudo sh -c "echo $1 | sudo tee $backlight"
echo "$1" > "/tmp/display-current-brightness"
LastSetting="$1"
fi
sleep 60
}
re='^[0-9]+$' # regex for valid numbers
function calc-level-and-sleep {
# Parms $1 = number of minutes for total transition
# $2 = number of seconds into transition
secTotal=$(( $1 * 60 )) # Convert total transition minutes to seconds
Adjust=$( bc <<< "scale=6; $transition_spread * ( $2 / $secTotal )" )
Adjust=$( echo $Adjust | cut -f1 -d"." ) # Truncate number to integer
if ! [[ $Adjust =~ $re ]] ; then
Adjust=0 # When we get to last minute $Adjust can be non-numeric
fi
calc_bright=$(( $min_bright + $Adjust ))
set-and-sleep "$calc_bright"
}
while true ; do
# Although variables change once a day it could be weeks between reboots.
sunrise=$(cat /usr/local/bin/sunrise)
sunset=$(cat /usr/local/bin/sunset)
# Read hidden configuration file with entries separated by " " into array
IFS=' ' read -ra CfgArr < /usr/local/bin/.auto-brightness-config
backlight="/sys/class/backlight/${CfgArr[0]}/brightness"
max_bright="${CfgArr[1]}"
after_sunrise="${CfgArr[2]}"
min_bright="${CfgArr[3]}"
before_sunset="${CfgArr[4]}"
# Current seconds
secNow=$(date +"%s")
secSunrise=$(date --date="$sunrise today" +%s)
secSunset=$(date --date="$sunset today" +%s)
# Is it night time?
if [ "$secNow" -gt "$secSunset" ] || [ "$secNow" -lt "$secSunrise" ]; then
# MINIMUN: after sunset or before sunrise nightime setting
set-and-sleep "$min_bright"
continue
fi
# We're somewhere between sunrise and sunset
secMaxCutoff=$(( $secSunrise + ( $after_sunrise * 60 ) ))
secMinStart=$(( $secSunset - ( $before_sunset * 60 ) ))
# Is it full bright day time?
if [ "$secNow" -gt "$secMaxCutoff" ] && [ "$secNow" -lt "$secMinStart" ]; then
# MAXIMUN: after sunrise transition AND before nightime transition
set-and-sleep "$max_bright"
continue
fi
# Daytime - nightime = transition brightness levels
transition_spread=$(( $max_bright - $min_bright ))
# Are we between sunrise and full brightness?
if [ "$secNow" -gt "$secSunrise" ] && [ "$secNow" -lt "$secMaxCutoff" ]; then
# Current time - Sunrise = progress through transition
secPast=$(( $secNow - $secSunrise ))
calc-level-and-sleep $after_sunrise $secPast
continue
fi
# Are we between beginning to dim and sunset (full dim)?
if [ "$secNow" -gt "$secMinStart" ] && [ "$secNow" -lt "$secSunset" ]; then
# Sunset - Current time = progress through transition
secBefore=$(( $secSunset - $secNow ))
calc-level-and-sleep $before_sunset $secBefore
continue
fi
# At this stage brightness was set with manual override outside this program
# or exactly at a testpoint, then it will change next minute so no big deal.
sleep 60 # reset brightness once / minute.
done # End of forever loop
使用以下命令将文件标记为可执行文件：
chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/display-auto-brightness
注意： 2017 年 8 月 26 日修订未成功，以纠正当最后一个亮度级别等于最小或最大亮度且当前分钟的调整值为空白（零）时程序将停止的错误。2017 年 12 月 2 日成功修复，但直到 2018 年 2 月 17 日才发布。糟糕！
每次启动时自动启动 display-auto-brightness cron
Cron 用于在每次启动时启动主应用程序。/etc/cron.d/display-auto-brightness使用 sudo 权限创建文件并复制：
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
@reboot root /usr/local/bin/display-auto-brightness
从暂停状态恢复即时亮度调节
你可以在早上6时暂停您的计算机时，它的太阳升起，你的设置是300，你可以在下午4时恢复它的时候，太阳是明亮的设置应该是在2000年之前，但你必须等待1〜59秒display-auto-brightness，以重置显示。当显示器确实重置时，变化是戏剧性的。为了解决这个问题，systemd需要一个脚本。创建/lib/systemd/system-sleep/display-auto-brightness包含以下内容的文件：
#!/bin/sh
# NAME: display-auto-brightness
# PATH: /lib/systemd/system-sleep/
# DESC: Restart display brightness when resuming from suspend
# CALL: Automatically called when system goes to sleep and wakes up
# DATE: August 2017. Modified: June 10, 2018.
# NOTE: Gives instant display brightness adjustment instead of waiting 1 to 59 seconds.
logger -t "logger -t "test" "\$0=$0, \$1=$1, \$2=$2" test" "\$0=$0, \$1=$1, \$2=$2"
case $1/$2 in
pre/*)
echo "/lib/systemd/system-sleep/display-auto-brightness: Going to $2..."
;;
post/*)
# March 28, 2018 On AW17R3 this script runs too fast
sleep 2
echo "/lib/systemd/system-sleep/display-auto-brightness: Resuming from $2..."
# Find running tree processes containing "display-auto" AND "sleep"
ProgramTree=$(pstree -g -p | grep display-auto | grep sleep)
# echo's below will print in /var/log/syslog. Comment out with # to suppress
echo "pstree -g -p | grep display-auto | grep sleep"
echo "============================================="
echo "$ProgramTree"
# extract sleep program ID within `pstree`. eg we would want "16621" below:
# |-cron(1198,1198)---cron(1257,1198)---sh(1308,1308)---display-auto-br(1321,1308)---sleep(16621,1308)
pID=$(echo "$ProgramTree" | cut -f 6 -d '(' )
pID=$(echo "$pID" | cut -f1 -d",")
kill $pID # kill sleep command forcing screen brightness to adjust immediately
rm /tmp/display-current-brightness
echo "display-auto-brightness: sleep pID: '$pID' has been killed."
;;
esac
使用以下命令将文件标记为可执行文件：
chmod a+x /lib/systemd/system-sleep/display-auto-brightness
概括
显示当前亮度级别是系统托盘
除了前面介绍的 Conky 示例之外，indicator-sysmonitor还可以通过 bash 显示系统托盘中的当前亮度：
在这个系统托盘示例中，亮度设置418为大约 20 分钟前日落。日落时该值为 250，白天全亮度为 1200。在这台机器上，intel_backlight=4882 是可能的，但是，如果您在室内拉开窗帘，屏幕就像凝视太阳一样。
使用以下代码设置系统托盘指示器：
#!/bin/bash
if [ -f ~/.lock-screen-timer-remaining ]; then
text-spinner
Spinner=$(cat ~/.last-text-spinner) # read last text spinner used
Minutes=$(cat ~/.lock-screen-timer-remaining)
systray=" $Spinner Lock screen in: $Minutes"
else
systray=" Lock screen: OFF"
fi
if [ -f /tmp/display-current-brightness ]; then
Brightness=$(cat /tmp/display-current-brightness)
systray="$systray Brightness: $Brightness"
else
systray="$systray Brightness: OFF"
fi
echo "$systray" # sysmon-indidicator will put echo string into systray for us.
exit 0
这个问答（BASH 可以作为应用程序指示器显示在系统托盘中吗？）描述了如何设置指标系统监视器。
未来的增强
- 将此答案的 bash 脚本迁移到 github
- 使用添加对外部显示器的支持
xrandr - 使用添加对更多红色/更少蓝色的支持
xrandr