16.04，不能在非默认位置进行 mysqld --initialize

Question

我在 14.04 上使用非标准的 --datadir (/usr/local/mysqld-test) 和端口 (33306) 运行 mysqld。升级到16.04后，我再也无法启动我的测试mysqld的，所以，按照指示在这里，并在它链接到的bug在这里，我结束了去尽可能：

sudo apt purge mariadb-client-10.0 mariadb-common mysql-client mysql-client-5.7 mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-common dbconfig-mysql
sudo apt-get install mysql-client mysql-server

（在这个过程中，它卸载了 amarok！？ snarl）

那仍然没有用，所以我结束了我的整个过程/usr/local/mysqld-test（故意的；理论上我有脚本来重建它）。mysql_install_db我以前使用的命令现在已弃用，并且似乎不理解该-P 33306参数，因此我尝试使用mysqld --initialize-insecure.

这是我在做什么：

mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/usr/local/mysqld-test --datadir=/usr/local/mysqld-test/data

它失败：

mysqld: Can't create directory '/usr/local/mysqld-test/data/' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)
2016-11-02T10:21:37.547443Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-11-02T10:21:37.549183Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

呵呵。我以为我让这个世界可写：

$ ls -al /usr/local/mysqld-test
total 8
drwxrwxrwx  2 kuhrusty kuhrusty 4096 Nov  2 03:13 .
drwxr-xr-x 20 root     root     4096 Nov  2 03:13 ..

跆拳道？让我们试试看strace：

execve("/usr/sbin/mysqld", ["mysqld", "--initialize-insecure", "--basedir=/usr/local/mysqld-test", "--datadir=/usr/local/mysqld-test"...], [/* 69 vars */]) = 0
...

它mmaps一堆共享库，设置了一些信号处理程序，然后查找配置文件（我不认为我已经搞砸-我手动启动它，传递--datadir，-P等）：

stat("/etc/my.cnf", 0x7ffe13e99af0)     = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/etc/mysql/my.cnf", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=682, ...}) = 0
open("/etc/mysql/my.cnf", O_RDONLY)     = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=682, ...}) = 0
read(3, "#\n# The MySQL database server co"..., 4096) = 682
open("/etc/mysql/conf.d/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
brk(0x271d000)                          = 0x271d000
getdents(4, /* 4 entries */, 32768)     = 120
getdents(4, /* 0 entries */, 32768)     = 0
close(4)                                = 0
stat("/etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=8, ...}) = 0
open("/etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf", O_RDONLY) = 4
fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=8, ...}) = 0
read(4, "[mysql]\n", 4096)              = 8
read(4, "", 4096)                       = 0
close(4)                                = 0
stat("/etc/mysql/conf.d/mysqldump.cnf", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=55, ...}) = 0
open("/etc/mysql/conf.d/mysqldump.cnf", O_RDONLY) = 4
fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=55, ...}) = 0
read(4, "[mysqldump]\nquick\nquote-names\nma"..., 4096) = 55
read(4, "", 4096)                       = 0
close(4)                                = 0
brk(0x2713000)                          = 0x2713000
brk(0x270a000)                          = 0x270a000
open("/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
getdents(4, /* 4 entries */, 32768)     = 128
getdents(4, /* 0 entries */, 32768)     = 0
close(4)                                = 0
stat("/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=3028, ...}) = 0
open("/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf", O_RDONLY) = 4
fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=3028, ...}) = 0
read(4, "#\n# The MySQL database server co"..., 4096) = 3028
read(4, "", 4096)                       = 0
close(4)                                = 0
stat("/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=21, ...}) = 0
open("/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf", O_RDONLY) = 4
fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=21, ...}) = 0
read(4, "[mysqld_safe]\nsyslog\n", 4096) = 21
read(4, "", 4096)                       = 0
close(4)                                = 0
read(3, "", 4096)                       = 0
close(3)                                = 0
stat("/home/kuhrusty/.my.cnf", 0x7ffe13e99af0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/home/kuhrusty/.mylogin.cnf", 0x7ffe13e99af0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, {rlim_cur=1024, rlim_max=64*1024}) = 0
setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, {rlim_cur=5000, rlim_max=5000}) = 0
getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, {rlim_cur=5000, rlim_max=5000}) = 0
umask(026)                              = 02
open("/etc/localtime", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2845, ...}) = 0
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2845, ...}) = 0
read(3, "TZif2\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\5\0\0\0\5\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 2845
lseek(3, -1811, SEEK_CUR)               = 1034
read(3, "TZif2\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\5\0\0\0\5\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 1811
close(3)                                = 0
uname({sysname="Linux", nodename="tentacle", ...}) = 0
brk(0x2732000)                          = 0x2732000
brk(0x2724000)                          = 0x2724000
lstat("/usr", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
lstat("/usr/local", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
lstat("/usr/local/mysqld-test", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
lstat("/usr", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
lstat("/usr/local", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
lstat("/usr/local/mysqld-test", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
lstat("/usr/local/mysqld-test/data", 0x7ffe13e9d1d0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\376\376\3\1\1\0\335\26\1\0008\4\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\10\0", 32) = 32
read(3, "\0\0\0\0\10\0\0\0\20\0\0\0\23\0\0\0\27\0\0\0D\0\0\0m\0\0\0\231\0\0\0"..., 4320) = 4320
read(3, "hashchk\0isamchk\0NO\0YES\0Can't cre"..., 71389) = 71389
close(3)                                = 0
stat("/usr/local/mysqld-test/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml", 0x7ffe13e9e2e0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
futex(0x1ddcf48, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 2147483647) = 0
brk(0x2745000)                          = 0x2745000
open("/usr/local/mysqld-test/data/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mkdir("/usr/local/mysqld-test/data/", 0750) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied)

好的，现在，我认为这就是出错的地方（注意：确保滚动到底部）......但为什么呢？ 任何人都可以在那里创建文件！

write(2, "mysqld: ", 8)                 = 8
write(2, "Can't create directory '/usr/loc"..., 87) = 87
write(2, "\n", 1)                       = 1
mysqld: Can't create directory '/usr/local/mysqld-test/data/' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)

跆拳道？？有了这个问题，14.04 -> 16.04 升级现在被列为我生命中第三大错误......我觉得我遭受了一种你忘记如何阅读的创伤性脑损伤。那些权限没错吧？？mysqld --initialize在下面跑sudo没有什么区别。我做错了什么非常愚蠢的事情吗？

Answer 1

ARGHH AppArmor 是什么让我失望。这里的第二个答案给了我需要查看日志的提示：

[137519.814104] audit: type=1400 audit(1478218238.219:177): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mkdir" profile="/usr/sbin/mysqld" name="/usr/local/mysqld-test/data/" pid=7126 comm="mysqld" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=1000 ouid=1000

按照这些说明，我为 MySQL 禁用了 AppArmor：

sudo apparmor_parser -R /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld
cd /etc/apparmor.d/disable
sudo ln -s /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld .

然后确认mysqld不再处于强制模式：

sudo aa-status

然后mysqld --initialize-insecure开始并按照我两天前预期的方式运行它。

（在 14.04 -> 16.04 升级期间如何/为什么安装/启用 AppArmor？我想在此之前我没有听说过 AppArmor；“你的东西不再像以前那样工作了”似乎是我应该在升级过程中获得的信息！）