当我使用localhost从同一台 Web 服务器 PC访问 Apache Web 服务器时,它显示 Apache2 Ubuntu 默认页面。
但是当我使用192.168.0.2访问 Apache Web 服务器时,它给出了 403 Forbidden 错误(Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server)。
网络服务器详情
所有权命令
www-data sudo adduser ftpuser www-data
sudo chown -R www-data:ftpuser /var/www
sudo chmod -R g+rwX /var/www
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在etc/apache2/apache2.conf文件中
ServerName 192.168.0.2
<Directory/>
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
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在etc/apache2/port.conf文件中
NameVirtualHost *:80
Listen *:80
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一个网站的虚拟主机
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName mysite
DocumentRoot /var/www/mysite
<Directory /var/www/mysite>
Options None FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
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我需要在哪个地方做哪些设置?请帮忙...
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.0.1 test-site
127.0.1.1 my-hostname
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts. etc...
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test-site第二个“本地主机”在哪里。并且my-hostname是/etc/hostname.
有一个默认的 HTTP VH。它被放置在/etc/apache2/sites-available/. 文件名为000-default.conf. 你必须编辑它(你可以重命名它,如果你愿意,或者基于它制作一些其他的 .conf 文件),然后你必须启用它。
您可以通过创建“软符号链接”来手动启用它:
sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/
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或者您可以使用名为a2ensite 的Apache2 工具,它的作用相同:
sudo a2ensite 000-default.conf
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假设有 3 个虚拟主机,启用了 SSL 和注册的私有域(例如 SOS.info):
/etc/apache2/sites-available/http.SOS.info.conf
/etc/apache2/sites-available/https.SOS.info.conf
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还有一个是为这个主题的目的而创建的:
/etc/apache2/sites-available/http.test-site.conf
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前 2 个 VH 的内容是:
$ cat /etc/apache2/sites-available/http.SOS.info.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName SOS.info
ServerAlias www.SOS.info
ServerAdmin admin@SOS.info
# Redirect Requests to SSL
Redirect permanent "/" "https://SOS.info/"
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/http.SOS.info.error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/http.SOS.info.access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
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这将所有 HTTP 请求重定向到 HTTPS。
$ cat /etc/apache2/sites-available/https.SOS.info.conf
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
ServerName SOS.info
ServerAlias www.SOS.info
ServerAdmin admin@SOS.info
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/SOS.info.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/SOS.info.key
SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/ssl/certs/SOS.info.root-bundle.crt
#etc..
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>
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这是 HTTPS VH。
这两个文件的内容可以放在一个文件中,但是在这种情况下它们的管理(a2ensite/ a2dissite)会比较困难。
第三个虚拟主机是为了我们的目的而创建的:
$ cat /etc/apache2/sites-available/http.test-site.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName test-site
ServerAlias test-site.SOS.info
DocumentRoot /var/www/test-site
DirectoryIndex index.html
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/test-site.error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/test-site.access.log combined
<Directory /var/www/test-site>
# Allow .htaccess
AllowOverride All
Allow from All
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
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http://localhost # pointed to the directory of the mine Domain
https://localhost # iin our case: /var/www/html (SOS.info), but you should get an error, because the SSL certificate
http://SOS.info # which redirects to https://SOS.info
https://SOS.info # you should have valid SSL certificate
http://www.SOS.info # which is allied to http://SOS.info and redirects to https://SOS.info
https://www.SOS.info # which is allied to https://SOS.info
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在主要示例中,您应该访问和:
http://test-site # pointed to the directory /var/www/test-site
http://test-site.SOS.info # which is allied to http://test-site
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尝试在 Web 浏览器中打开该站点,或者尝试(在终端中)使用以下命令:
$ curl -L http://test-site/index.html
$ curl -L http://test-site.SOS.info/index.html
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当然,你需要index.html在他们的 DocumentRoot 中有一些页面:)
由于迂腐,我将留下下一个笔记:)
ii 花一些时间来提高服务器的安全性是个好主意。这些手册是关于安全配置的:1st和2nd。在这里您可以获得免费的 SSL 证书。这些网站将帮助您检查您的进度:1st和2nd。
根据上面的安全手册/etc/apache2/apache2.conf文件必须看起来像:
Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR} default
PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE}
Timeout 60
#KeepAlive Off
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
KeepAliveTimeout 5
HostnameLookups Off
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
LogLevel warn
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.conf
Include ports.conf
<Directory />
Options None FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all denied
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/>
Options None FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
AccessFileName .htaccess
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
Require all denied
</FilesMatch>
LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf
IncludeOptional sites-enabled/*.conf
# Hide Server type in the http error-pages
ServerSignature Off
ServerTokens Prod
# Etag allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information
FileETag None
# Disable Trace HTTP Request
TraceEnable off
# Set cookie with HttpOnly and Secure flag.
# a2enmod headers
Header edit Set-Cookie ^(.*)$ $1;HttpOnly;Secure
# Clickjacking Attack
Header always append X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN
# CX-XSS Protection
Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
# Disable HTTP 1.0 Protocol
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} !HTTP/1.1$
RewriteRule .* - [F]
# Change the server banner @ ModSecurity
# Send full server signature so ModSecurity can alter it
ServerTokens Full
# Alter the web server signature sent by Apache
<IfModule security2_module>
SecServerSignature "Apache 1.3.26"
</IfModule>
Header set Server "Apache 1.3.26"
Header unset X-Powered-By
# Hde TCP Timestamp
# gksu gedit /etc/sysctl.conf
# >> net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
# Test: sudo hping3 SOS.info -p 443 -S --tcp-timestamp -c 1
# Disable -SSLv2 -SSLv3 and weak Ciphers
SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3
SSLHonorCipherOrder on
SSLCipherSuite "EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384 EECDH+ECDSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+SHA384 EECDH+aRSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA EECDH EDH+aRSA !aNULL !eNULL !LOW !3DES !MD5 !EXP !PSK !SRP !DSS !RC4"
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要允许/拒绝外部访问您的 Web 服务器,您可以使用UFW(简单防火墙):
sudo ufw allow http
sudo ufw allow https
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只允许使用tcp协议:
sudo ufw allow http/tcp
sudo ufw allow https/tcp
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您可以直接使用和端口号:
sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
sudo ufw allow 443/tcp
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以防万一您可以重新加载“规则表”:
sudo ufw reload
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您可以使用 UFW 的 GUI 界面,称为gufw。
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gufw
gufw &
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选择Office配置文件。它将为:Status:ON,Incoming:Deny并Outgoing:Allow添加你的规则。
如果您有一个路由器并且您希望您的 Web 服务器可以从 Internet 访问,请不要忘记添加一些端口转发。像这样的东西。
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