Ubuntu16.04 启动到 initramfs

Question

Ubuntu 无法启动，而是进入 initramfs。我正在从现场 CD 试用会议中写作。我该怎么办？

我知道启动流程被破坏了，当来自 root 的文件将被加载到 ram 时，它在根目录中找不到文件。如果我错了，请纠正我。

以下是我输入“ exit”命令时ashell 的输出：

(initramfs) exit
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root contains a file system with errors, check forced.
Inodes that were part of a corrupted orphan linked list found.

/dev/mapper/ubuntu-vg-root: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; Run fsck MANUALLY.
    (i.e., without -a or -p options)

fsck exited with status code 4.
The root file system on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root requires manual fsck

Answer 1

执行：

(initramfs) fsck /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root

选择“y”到所有“修复？” 提示

请注意，您的根分区可能不是/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root- 根据引导分区的位置修改此部分

Answer 2

看来你有一个坏的超级块。要解决此问题，只需按照以下步骤操作：

第 1 步：启动到 Live CD 或 USB 并选择不安装选项试试 ubuntu

第 2 步：按下ctrl+alt+t或打开您的终端

第 3 步：

通过使用找出您的分区号

sudo fdisk -l|grep Linux|grep -Ev 'swap'

然后，使用以下命令列出所有超级块：

sudo dumpe2fs /dev/sda7 | grep superblock

将 sda7 替换为您的驱动器号

你应该得到类似这样的输出

Primary superblock at 0, Group descriptors at 1-6
  Backup superblock at 32768, Group descriptors at 32769-32774
  Backup superblock at 98304, Group descriptors at 98305-98310
  Backup superblock at 163840, Group descriptors at 163841-163846
  Backup superblock at 229376, Group descriptors at 229377-229382
  Backup superblock at 294912, Group descriptors at 294913-294918
  Backup superblock at 819200, Group descriptors at 819201-819206
  Backup superblock at 884736, Group descriptors at 884737-884742
  Backup superblock at 1605632, Group descriptors at 1605633-1605638
  Backup superblock at 2654208, Group descriptors at 2654209-2654214
  Backup superblock at 4096000, Group descriptors at 4096001-4096006
  Backup superblock at 7962624, Group descriptors at 7962625-7962630
  Backup superblock at 11239424, Group descriptors at 11239425-11239430
  Backup superblock at 20480000, Group descriptors at 20480001-20480006
  Backup superblock at 23887872, Group descriptors at 23887873-23887878

从此列表中选择一个备用超级块，对于这种情况，备用超级块 # 32768

现在，要使用备用超级块 # 32768 检查和修复 Linux 文件系统：

sudo fsck -b 32768 /dev/sda7 -y

这个-y标志是用来跳过所有的Fix？问题并自动以是回答所有问题

你应该得到类似的输出：

fsck 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007)
e2fsck 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007)
/dev/sda2 was not cleanly unmounted, check forced.
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
Free blocks count wrong for group #241 (32254, counted=32253).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #362 (32254, counted=32248).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #368 (32254, counted=27774).
Fix? yes
..........
/dev/sda2: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
/dev/sda2: 59586/30539776 files (0.6% non-contiguous), 3604682/61059048 blocks

现在尝试挂载分区

sudo mount /dev/sda7 /mnt

现在，尝试使用以下命令浏览文件系统

cd /mnt
sudo mkdir test
ls -l

如果您能够执行上述命令，那么您很可能已经解决了您的问题。

现在，重新启动计算机，您应该能够正常启动。

（来源）