无法安装“openjdk-9-jdk”，因为它试图覆盖“openjdk-9-jdk-headless”中包含的文件区域

Question

我正在运行 Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial 桌面，64 位，并且想要安装openjdk-9-jdk（Java 9 开发工具包）。universe存储库中可用的版本是9~b114-0ubuntu1.

运行安装命令会成功安装依赖项（见下文，包括 package openjdk-9-jdk-headless），但由于所述依赖项提供的文件也存在于有问题的包中，因此无法安装请求的包本身：

dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/openjdk-9-jdk_9~b114-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/jvm/java-9-openjdk-amd64/include/linux/jawt_md.h', which is also in package openjdk-9-jdk-headless:amd64 9~b114-0ubuntu1

这是完整的输出：

$ sudo apt install openjdk-9-jdk
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  ca-certificates-java libice-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev libx11-dev libx11-doc libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdmcp-dev
  libxt-dev openjdk-9-jdk-headless openjdk-9-jre openjdk-9-jre-headless x11proto-core-dev x11proto-input-dev x11proto-kb-dev
  xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev
Suggested packages:
  libice-doc libsm-doc libxcb-doc libxt-doc openjdk-9-demo openjdk-9-source visualvm icedtea-8-plugin fonts-ipafont-gothic
  fonts-ipafont-mincho ttf-wqy-microhei | ttf-wqy-zenhei fonts-indic
The following NEW packages will be installed
  ca-certificates-java libice-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev libx11-dev libx11-doc libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdmcp-dev
  libxt-dev openjdk-9-jdk openjdk-9-jdk-headless openjdk-9-jre openjdk-9-jre-headless x11proto-core-dev x11proto-input-dev
  x11proto-kb-dev xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev
0 to upgrade, 19 to newly install, 0 to remove and 0 not to upgrade.
Need to get 183 MB/187 MB of archives.
After this operation, 326 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 
Get:1 http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 ca-certificates-java all 20160321 [12,9 kB]
Get:2 http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 openjdk-9-jre-headless amd64 9~b114-0ubuntu1 [183 MB]
Get:3 http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 openjdk-9-jre amd64 9~b114-0ubuntu1 [51,5 kB]                       
Fetched 183 MB in 2min 21s (1.293 kB/s)                                                                                            
Selecting previously unselected package ca-certificates-java.
(Reading database ... 210101 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../ca-certificates-java_20160321_all.deb ...
Unpacking ca-certificates-java (20160321) ...
Selecting previously unselected package openjdk-9-jre-headless:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../openjdk-9-jre-headless_9~b114-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking openjdk-9-jre-headless:amd64 (9~b114-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package xorg-sgml-doctools.
Preparing to unpack .../xorg-sgml-doctools_1%3a1.11-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking xorg-sgml-doctools (1:1.11-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package x11proto-core-dev.
Preparing to unpack .../x11proto-core-dev_7.0.28-2ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking x11proto-core-dev (7.0.28-2ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libice-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libice-dev_2%3a1.0.9-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libice-dev:amd64 (2:1.0.9-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libpthread-stubs0-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libpthread-stubs0-dev_0.3-4_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpthread-stubs0-dev:amd64 (0.3-4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libsm-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libsm-dev_2%3a1.2.2-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libsm-dev:amd64 (2:1.2.2-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libxau-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libxau-dev_1%3a1.0.8-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libxau-dev:amd64 (1:1.0.8-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libxdmcp-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libxdmcp-dev_1%3a1.1.2-1.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libxdmcp-dev:amd64 (1:1.1.2-1.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package x11proto-input-dev.
Preparing to unpack .../x11proto-input-dev_2.3.1-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking x11proto-input-dev (2.3.1-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package x11proto-kb-dev.
Preparing to unpack .../x11proto-kb-dev_1.0.7-0ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking x11proto-kb-dev (1.0.7-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package xtrans-dev.
Preparing to unpack .../xtrans-dev_1.3.5-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking xtrans-dev (1.3.5-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libxcb1-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libxcb1-dev_1.11.1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libxcb1-dev:amd64 (1.11.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libx11-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libx11-dev_2%3a1.6.3-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libx11-dev:amd64 (2:1.6.3-1ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libx11-doc.
Preparing to unpack .../libx11-doc_2%3a1.6.3-1ubuntu2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libx11-doc (2:1.6.3-1ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libxt-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libxt-dev_1%3a1.1.5-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libxt-dev:amd64 (1:1.1.5-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package openjdk-9-jre:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../openjdk-9-jre_9~b114-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking openjdk-9-jre:amd64 (9~b114-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package openjdk-9-jdk-headless:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../openjdk-9-jdk-headless_9~b114-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking openjdk-9-jdk-headless:amd64 (9~b114-0ubuntu1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../openjdk-9-jdk_9~b114-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking openjdk-9-jdk:amd64 (9~b114-0ubuntu1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/openjdk-9-jdk_9~b114-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/jvm/java-9-openjdk-amd64/include/linux/jawt_md.h', which is also in package openjdk-9-jdk-headless:amd64 9~b114-0ubuntu1
Processing triggers for ca-certificates (20160104ubuntu1) ...
Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...
0 added, 0 removed; done.
Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d...
done.
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu5) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.3~bzr0+16.04.20160415-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-0ubuntu1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/openjdk-9-jdk_9~b114-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

所以很明显，这似乎是一个错误，由不正确的包装引起，而不是我这边的错误。Launchpad 上也已经有一些相关的错误报告，例如这个似乎是最重要的报告。我订阅了该报告，但 Xenial 尚无解决方案。

因此，我在这里的问题不是关于这个打包错误，而是如何解决这个问题并安装openjdk-9-jdk，忽略“试图覆盖文件”错误？

Answer 1

可以直接做sudo apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-overwrite" install openjdk-9-jdk。如果您在这里，您已经尝试过不带 的安装，-o Dpkg::Options::="--force-overwrite"并且您知道哪些文件将被静默覆盖。

Answer 2

在安装.deb带有dpkg.

这是我openjdk-9-jdk在 Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial（未在其他版本上测试）上安装的解决方法，尽管有关于不覆盖其依赖项提供的文件的错误消息openjdk-9-jdk-headless：

1. 通常尝试安装openjdk-9-jdk包，最好使用包管理器apt：

   sudo apt install openjdk-9-jdk
   

   这将安装其所有依赖项并下载二进制包文件。现在应该存储它/var/cache/apt/archives/openjdk-9-jdk_9~b114-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb，但文件名的后半部分可能会有所不同，以防您拥有不同的版本。

   请注意，我们预计此单个命令会失败并显示问题中描述的错误消息。忽略错误，我们将在接下来的步骤中处理它。

2. 依赖包尚未完全配置，因为安装openjdk-9-jdk失败并中止。我们现在必须手动执行此操作，只需触发所有尚未配置的包的配置：

   sudo dpkg --configure -a
   

3. 最后我们安装我们的openjdk-9-jdk包。因此，我们使用在步骤 1 中下载并缓存的二进制包文件。我们必须添加--force-overwrite标志以使包管理器忽略我们双重提供的文件并悄悄地覆盖它。

   sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite '/var/cache/apt/archives/openjdk-9-jdk_9~b114-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb'
   

   如果您有不同的版本，您可能需要修改文件名，或者只使用制表符完成输入文件名：Tab在输入文件名后按下划线 ( ...openjdk-9-jdk_)，它应该自动完成正确的文件姓名。