检查服务器上的 RAM 量

Question

有没有一种方法可以检查服务器（无需打开它并进行物理查看）在盒子中的 ram 数量（就空闲插槽的数量而言）。另外我需要知道它可能需要多少内存？

我知道我可以检查 RAM 的 /proc/meminfo，但我真的更关心 ram 的类型，有多少插槽是空闲/占用的。即我需要知道我可以添加多少内存以及要添加到特定类型的内存，但不知道如何去做。

Answer 1

一个不错的工具（除了dmidecode）是lshw.

例如，

$ sudo lshw -short -C memory
H/W path               Device       Class      Description
==========================================================
/0/0                                memory     64KiB BIOS
/0/400/700                          memory     16KiB L1 cache
/0/400/701                          memory     1MiB L2 cache
/0/1000                             memory     2GiB System Memory
/0/1000/0                           memory     512MiB DIMM SDRAM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5 
/0/1000/1                           memory     512MiB DIMM SDRAM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5 
/0/1000/2                           memory     512MiB DIMM SDRAM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5 
/0/1000/3                           memory     512MiB DIMM SDRAM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5 

或者

$ sudo lshw -C memory
[...]

      *-cache:0
           description: L1 cache
           physical id: 700
           size: 16KiB
           capacity: 16KiB
           capabilities: internal write-back data
[...]
      *-memory
           description: System Memory
           physical id: 1000
           slot: System board or motherboard
           size: 2GiB
         *-bank:0
              description: DIMM SDRAM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5 ns)
              physical id: 0
              slot: DIMM_1
              size: 512MiB
              width: 64 bits
              clock: 400MHz (2.5ns)
         *-bank:1
              description: DIMM SDRAM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5 ns)
              physical id: 1
              slot: DIMM_3
              size: 512MiB
              width: 64 bits
              clock: 400MHz (2.5ns)
         *-bank:2
[...]

Answer 2

另一个选项是lshw命令（手册页）——它给出了很多东西的输出，包括 RAM 插槽。完整的输出很长，但sudo lshw -short给出了一个摘要，包括每个 RAM 插槽一行，无论插槽中是否有任何 RAM。或者有关 RAM 的完整信息，但省略您可以执行的所有其他操作sudo lshw -class memory。

我得到的输出sudo lshw -short是：

H/W path               Device      Class          Description
=============================================================
                                   system         ESPRIMO E ()
/0                                 bus            D2348-A2
/0/0                               memory         109KiB BIOS
/0/4                               processor      Intel(R) Core(TM)2 CPU          6300  @ 1.86GHz
/0/4/6                             memory         2MiB L2 cache
/0/7                               memory         2MiB L3 cache
/0/25                              memory         6GiB System Memory
/0/25/0                            memory         2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
/0/25/1                            memory         1GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
/0/25/2                            memory         2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
/0/25/3                            memory         1GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
/0/100                             bridge         82Q963/Q965 Memory Controller Hub
/0/100/2                           display        82Q963/Q965 Integrated Graphics Controller
/0/100/3                           communication  82Q963/Q965 HECI Controller
/0/100/3.2                         storage        82Q963/Q965 PT IDER Controller
/0/100/3.3                         communication  82Q963/Q965 KT Controller
/0/100/19              eth0        network        82566DM Gigabit Network Connection
/0/100/1a                          bus            82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4
/0/100/1a.1                        bus            82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5
/0/100/1a.7                        bus            82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2
/0/100/1b                          multimedia     82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller
/0/100/1d                          bus            82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1
/0/100/1d.1                        bus            82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2
/0/100/1d.2                        bus            82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3
/0/100/1d.7                        bus            82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1
/0/100/1e                          bridge         82801 PCI Bridge
/0/100/1f                          bridge         82801HO (ICH8DO) LPC Interface Controller
/0/100/1f.2            scsi0       storage        82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA IDE Controller
/0/100/1f.2/0          /dev/sda    disk           160GB ST3160812AS
/0/100/1f.2/0/1        /dev/sda1   volume         149GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1f.2/1          /dev/cdrom  disk           DVD-RAM GSA-H30N
/0/100/1f.3                        bus            82801H (ICH8 Family) SMBus Controller
/0/100/1f.5            scsi2       storage        82801H (ICH8 Family) 2 port SATA IDE Controller
/0/100/1f.5/0.0.0      /dev/sdb    disk           40GB KINGSTON SSDNow
/0/100/1f.5/0.0.0/1    /dev/sdb1   volume         31GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1f.5/0.0.0/2    /dev/sdb2   volume         5867MiB Extended partition
/0/100/1f.5/0.0.0/2/5  /dev/sdb5   volume         5867MiB Linux swap / Solaris partition
/1                                 power          S26113-E505-V80
/2                     wlan0       network        Wireless interface

我得到的输出sudo lshw -class memory是：

  *-firmware              
       description: BIOS
       vendor: FUJITSU SIEMENS // Phoenix Technologies Ltd.
       physical id: 0
       version: 6.00 R1.02.2348.A2
       date: 09/18/2006
       size: 109KiB
       capacity: 448KiB
       capabilities: pci pnp upgrade shadowing escd cdboot bootselect int13floppynec int13floppytoshiba int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer int10video acpi usb ls120boot zipboot biosbootspecification
  *-cache
       description: L2 cache
       physical id: 6
       slot: L2 Cache
       size: 2MiB
       capacity: 2MiB
       capabilities: burst internal write-back unified
  *-cache
       description: L3 cache
       physical id: 7
       slot: L3 Cache
       size: 2MiB
       capacity: 16MiB
       capabilities: burst internal write-back unified
  *-memory
       description: System Memory
       physical id: 25
       slot: System board or motherboard
       size: 6GiB
     *-bank:0
          description: DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
          physical id: 0
          slot: Slot-1
          size: 2GiB
          width: 40968 bits
          clock: 533MHz (1.9ns)
     *-bank:1
          description: DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
          physical id: 1
          slot: Slot-3
          size: 1GiB
          width: 41480 bits
          clock: 533MHz (1.9ns)
     *-bank:2
          description: DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
          physical id: 2
          slot: Slot-2
              size: 2GiB
          width: 41992 bits
          clock: 533MHz (1.9ns)
     *-bank:3
          description: DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
          physical id: 3
          slot: Slot-4
          size: 1GiB
          width: 42504 bits
          clock: 533MHz (1.9ns)