apt 不安装大多数已知的软件包

Question

我安装了一个全新的 Ubuntu 14.04.03，但遇到了一个我以前从未遇到过的问题。

登录新安装时我做的第一件事是 apt-get update 和 upgrade。然后我想安装 apache2，但我收到一个错误，说我损坏了软件包。

我什至不知道我应该从哪里开始寻找，因为我以前从未发生过这种情况。我试过了apt-get autoclean，apt-get -f install但它什么也没做。

任何帮助深表感谢！

编辑：

sync-s@sync-s:~$ apt-cache policy apache2 apache2-bin ssl-cert
apache2:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.5
  Version table:
     2.4.7-1ubuntu4.5 0
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
apache2-bin:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.5
  Version table:
     2.4.7-1ubuntu4.5 0
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
ssl-cert:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:

尝试安装php5：

sync-s@sync-s:~$ sudo apt-get install php5
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 php5 : Depends: libapache2-mod-php5 (>= 5.5.9+dfsg-1ubuntu4.14) but it is not going to be installed or
                 libapache2-mod-php5filter (>= 5.5.9+dfsg-1ubuntu4.14) but it is not going to be installed or
                 php5-cgi (>= 5.5.9+dfsg-1ubuntu4.14) but it is not going to be installed or
                 php5-fpm (>= 5.5.9+dfsg-1ubuntu4.14) but it is not going to be installed
        Depends: php5-common (>= 5.5.9+dfsg-1ubuntu4.14) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

尝试安装 mysql-server-5.5：

sync-s@sync-s:~$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server-5.5
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 mysql-server-5.5 : Depends: libdbi-perl but it is not installable
                    Depends: mysql-client-5.5 (>= 5.5.46-0ubuntu0.14.04.2) but it is not going to be installed
                    Depends: mysql-server-core-5.5 (>= 5.5.46-0ubuntu0.14.04.2) but it is not going to be installed
                    Recommends: libhtml-template-perl but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

尝试安装 proftpd：

sync-s@sync-s:~$ sudo apt-get install proftpd
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package proftpd

/etc/apt/sources.list 的内容：

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 14.04.3 LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Beta amd64 (20150805)]/ trusty main restricted

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 14.04.3 LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Beta amd64 (20150805)]/ trusty main restricted

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main

尝试安装apache2的依赖项：

sync-s@sync-s:~$ sudo apt-get install apache2-bin
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 apache2-bin : Depends: libapr1 (>= 1.5.0) but it is not installable
               Depends: libaprutil1 (>= 1.5.0) but it is not installable
               Depends: libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 but it is not installable or
                        libaprutil1-dbd-mysql but it is not installable or
                        libaprutil1-dbd-odbc but it is not installable or
                        libaprutil1-dbd-pgsql but it is not installable or
                        libaprutil1-dbd-freetds but it is not installable
               Depends: libaprutil1-ldap but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
sync-s@sync-s:~$ sudo apt-get install libapr1
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package libapr1 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'libapr1' has no installation candidate

Answer 1

Your sources.list is horribly mangled, missing CRITICAL repositories, and is therefore not usable.

You're missing quite a lot of things you MUST have - at the VERY least, the trusty main repositories which were created upon Trusty's release; without these, you can't install anything. This is because trusty-security ONLY contains security updates; it does NOT contain base packages for the system, and running with just trusty-security and not trusty in the sources will cause everything to explode.

I am going to make the assumption that you ONLY want trusty + security updates, and NOT the standard updates repository.

This sources.list is extracted from a 14.04 Server ISO's SquashFS filesystem, extracted from the ISO itself. It's got a few changes, which I'll comment on accordingly, or I extracted from your list sources above.

# The original Trusty repository, for Main, Universe, and Multiverse pockets. 
# DO NOT REMOVE THIS!
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe multiverse

# Security updates for Main, Universe, and Multiverse pockets.
# DO NOT REMOVE THIS, OR YOUR SYSTEM MAY BECOME A SECURITY RISK!
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main universe multiverse

# Standard software updates for Main, Universe, and Multiverse pockets.
# You do not need to keep these enabled, but you can if you wish to.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main universe multiverse

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main

Once you've replaced your /etc/apt/sources.list with this one, adapting accordingly for your country mirror by replacing archive.ubuntu.com with CC.archive.ubuntu.com where CC is your two letter country code, run sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get upgrade and apply all updates again. Then, try installing your software.