在输出文件中包含命令？

Question

抱歉标题混乱！

假设我跑

apt-cache depends kde-window-manager > ~/Desktop/kwin-depends

我会在我的桌面文件夹中得到一个名为“kwin-depends”的文件。

是否有一些技巧可以将我发出的命令作为文件的一部分包含在内，最好是在文件的开头？

所以，至少在 14.04 LTS 中，前几行看起来像这样：

apt-cache depends kde-window-manager > ~/Desktop/kwin-depends

kde-window-manager
  Depends: kde-runtime
  Depends: libc6
 |Depends: libegl1-mesa
  Depends: <libegl1-x11>

而不是像这样：

kde-window-manager
  Depends: kde-runtime
  Depends: libc6
 |Depends: libegl1-mesa
  Depends: <libegl1-x11>

Answer 1

我只会使用一个简单的函数。将此添加到您的~/.bashrc文件中：

function runcom(){
    echo "$@"
    ## Run the command
    $@
}

现在，无论何时您想运行命令并打印它，您都可以执行以下操作：

runcom apt-cache depends kde-window-manager > out

以上产生了这个文件：

$ cat out
apt-cache depends kde-window-manager
kde-window-manager
  Depends: perl
  Depends: kde-runtime
  Depends: kde-style-oxygen
  Depends: libc6
 |Depends: libegl1-mesa
  Depends: <libegl1-x11>
    libegl1-mesa
  Depends: libgcc1
 |Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx
  Depends: <libgl1>
    libgl1-mesa-swx11
    libgl1-mesa-glx
 |Depends: libgles2-mesa
  Depends: <libgles2>
    libgles2-mesa
  Depends: libice6
  Depends: libkactivities6
  Depends: libkcmutils4
  Depends: libkdeclarative5
  Depends: libkdecorations4abi2
  Depends: libkdecore5
  Depends: libkdeui5
  Depends: libkio5
  Depends: libknewstuff3-4
  Depends: libkwineffects1abi5
  Depends: libkwinglesutils1
  Depends: libkwinglutils1abi2
  Depends: libkworkspace4abi2
  Depends: libplasma3
  Depends: libqt4-dbus
  Depends: libqt4-declarative
  Depends: libqt4-script
  Depends: libqtcore4
  Depends: libqtgui4
  Depends: libsm6
  Depends: libstdc++6
  Depends: libwayland-client0
 |Depends: libwayland-egl1-mesa
  Depends: <libwayland-egl1>
    libwayland-egl1-mesa
  Depends: libx11-6
  Depends: libx11-xcb1
  Depends: libxcb-composite0
  Depends: libxcb-damage0
  Depends: libxcb-image0
  Depends: libxcb-keysyms1
  Depends: libxcb-randr0
  Depends: libxcb-render0
  Depends: libxcb-shape0
  Depends: libxcb-shm0
  Depends: libxcb-sync1
  Depends: libxcb-xfixes0
  Depends: libxcb-xtest0
  Depends: libxcb1
  Depends: libxcursor1
  Depends: libxext6
  Depends: libxrandr2
  Depends: libxxf86vm1
  Breaks: kde-style-bespin
  Breaks: kde-style-bespin:i386
  Breaks: <kde-style-skulpture>
  Breaks: <kde-style-skulpture:i386>
  Breaks: kde-workspace-data
  Breaks: <kde-workspace-data:i386>
  Breaks: kdeartwork-theme-window
  Breaks: kdeartwork-theme-window:i386
  Breaks: <kdebase-workspace-data>
  Breaks: <kdebase-workspace-data:i386>
  Breaks: kwin-style-crystal
  Breaks: kwin-style-crystal:i386
  Breaks: kwin-style-dekorator
  Breaks: kwin-style-dekorator:i386
  Breaks: kwin-style-qtcurve
  Breaks: kwin-style-qtcurve:i386
  Replaces: kde-workspace-data
  Replaces: <kde-workspace-data:i386>
  Replaces: <kdebase-workspace-data>
  Replaces: <kdebase-workspace-data:i386>
  Conflicts: kde-window-manager:i386

Answer 2

最简约 - 方法 #4 和 #3，都可以转换为函数；#2 我最喜欢的 - awk. #1 使用script命令 - 非常通用的工具，一般用于记录命令行；适用于任何地方，无论您想记录什么。

方法 #1： 有一个/usr/bin/script命令（默认情况下随 ubuntu 一起提供）用于记录命令行输出，它捕获所有内容以及提示和命令。要将一个命令及其输出保存到特定文件，请使用-c标志并指定输出文件。例子

xieerqi:$ script -c 'apt-cache depends gnome-terminal' outputFile.txt
Script started, file is outputFile.txt
gnome-terminal
  Depends: gconf-service
    gconf-service:i386
  Depends: libatk1.0-0
  Depends: libc6
  Depends: libgconf-2-4
  Depends: libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0
     (extra output omitted)
Script done, file is outputFile.txt

xieerqi:$ cat outputFile.txt                                              
Script started on 2015?10?22? ??? 08?58?46?
gnome-terminal
  Depends: gconf-service
    gconf-service:i386
  Depends: libatk1.0-0
  Depends: libc6
  Depends: libgconf-2-4
  (extra output omitted)

Script done on 2015?10?22? ??? 08?58?46?

方法#2：awk 黑客

awk 具有system()允许您从awkscript 或 command运行 shell 命令的功能。输出将显示在屏幕上，首先是命令，然后是输出。要将您看到的内容重定向到文件，请使用>运算符。

这可以通过两种方式完成 - 要求用户从标准输入或作为命令行参数输入内容。第一个更容易实现，因此发布。

(1) awk 'BEGIN{ print "Enter command to run: "; getline com < "/dev/stdin"; system(com) }'

 awk 'BEGIN{ print "Enter command to run: "; getline com < "/dev/stdin"; system(com) }'
Enter command to run: 
apt-cache depends gnome-terminal
gnome-terminal
  Depends: gconf-service
    gconf-service:i386
  Depends: libatk1.0-0
  Depends: libc6
  Depends: libgconf-2-4
  Depends: libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0
  Depends: libglib2.0-0 
  (extra output omitted)

(2) 命令行参数版本；不包括输出以避免回答太长。再次，追加>重定向到文件

awk 'BEGIN{for (i=1; i<= ARGC; i++) myString = myString"  "ARGV[i]; print myString; system(myString)  }' apt-cache depends gnome-terminal

方法 #3：让 bash 为你做这项工作

xieerqi@eagle:~$ bash -c ' MYCOMMAND="apt-cache depends gnome-terminal"; echo $MYCOMMAND ; $MYCOMMAND    '
apt-cache depends gnome-terminal
gnome-terminal
  Depends: gconf-service
    gconf-service:i386
  Depends: libatk1.0-0
  Depends: libc6
  Depends: libgconf-2-4
  Depends: libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0
  Depends: libglib2.0-0

使用>运算符重定向到文件：

bash -c ' MYCOMMAND="apt-cache depends gnome-terminal"; echo $MYCOMMAND ; $MYCOMMAND ' > output.txt

方法#4:(我的第二个最爱）

灵感来自 ByteCommander 的帖子；我们可以read在子shell中使用然后运行必要的命令

read command && (printf "COMMAND: %s" "$command";printf "\n+++++++\n"; sh -c "$command")

示例运行：

xieerqi:$ read command && (printf "COMMAND READ: %s" "$command";printf "\n+++++++\nOUTPUT\n"; sh -c "$command")                                       
printf "This was a triumph; I'm making a note here - huge success"
COMMAND READ: printf "This was a triumph; I'm making a note here - huge success"
+++++++
OUTPUT
This was a triumph; I'm making a note here - huge success

方法#5：

使用echoor here string(aka <<< "string") 提供参数到sh -cthroughxargs

xieerqi:$ echo "apt-cache policy gnome-terminal" | xargs -I {} bash -c 'echo {}; {}'                                                            
apt-cache policy gnome-terminal
gnome-terminal:
  Installed: 3.6.2-0ubuntu1
  Candidate: 3.6.2-0ubuntu1
  Version table:
 *** 3.6.2-0ubuntu1 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

如果你愿意，你可以用别名使用同样的技巧：

xieerqi:$ printAndRun <<< "apt-cache policy gnome-terminal"                                                                                     
apt-cache policy gnome-terminal
gnome-terminal:
  Installed: 3.6.2-0ubuntu1
  Candidate: 3.6.2-0ubuntu1
  Version table:
 *** 3.6.2-0ubuntu1 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

xieerqi:$ type printAndRun
printAndRun is an alias for 'xargs -I {} bash -c "echo {}; {}"'

Answer 3

你可以做：

tee file.txt <<<'apt-cache depends kde-window-manager' | bash >>file.txt

同样的事情使用echo代替 Here 字符串 ( <<<):

echo 'apt-cache depends kde-window-manager' | tee file.txt | bash >>file.txt

• tee 将写入 STDOUT 和文件 file.txt

• 将输入teeie的 STDOUT以运行命令并将 STDOUT 附加到.apt-cache depends kde-window-managerbashfile.txt

例子：

$ echo 'apt-cache depends kde-window-manager' | tee file.txt | bash >>file.txt

$ cat file.txt 
apt-cache depends kde-window-manager
kde-window-manager
  Depends: kde-runtime
  Depends: libc6
 |Depends: libegl1-mesa
  Depends: <libegl1-x11>

Answer 4

1. 开始 script -q outputfile
2. 执行你的命令
3. 按Ctrl-D
4. 打开文件 outputfile

例子

开始 script

[aboettger:~/tmp] % script -q ~/Desktop/kwin-depends

开始你的命令

[aboettger:~/tmp] % apt-cache depends kde-window-manager
<kde-window-manager>
[aboettger:~/tmp] % 

按Ctrl-D

Script done, file is /home/aboettger/Desktop/kwin-depends

显示您的命令和输出

[aboettger:~/tmp] % cat ~/Desktop/kwin-depends

你会看到这样的东西

[aboettger:~/tmp] % apt-cache depends kde-window-manager
<kde-window-manager>

Answer 5

如果您想要别名扩展（仅限 bash），您可以这样做：

function runcmd
{
    local check_cmd=${BASH_ALIASES[$1]}

    if [ -z "$check_cmd" ]; then
        check_cmd=$1
    fi

    shift #skip 1st arg

    echo "$check_cmd $@"
    $check_cmd $@
}

你现在可以运行

runcmd acd leafpad > out