Ubuntu 14.04，安装 gstreamer1.0-libav 时出现问题，未满足的依赖项
Cap*_*ron 11 dependencies gstreamer software-installation 14.04
突然，我的 Ubuntu 停止播放视频。当我打开视频时，播放器建议我安装 gstreamer1.0-libav. 但是，它无法安装。
我尝试手动安装它，这是错误消息：
$ sudo apt-get install gstreamer1.0-libav
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
gstreamer1.0-libav : Depends: libavcodec54 (>= 6:9.1-1) but it is not going to be installed or
libavcodec-extra-54 (>= 6:9.13) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libavformat54 (>= 6:9.1-1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
Cap*_*ron 12
我的天啊。
$ sudo apt-get install libopus0
Suggested packages:
opus-tools
The following packages will be REMOVED:
gstreamer1.0-libav:i386 libavcodec54:i386 libavformat54:i386 libopus0:i386
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libopus0
$ sudo apt-get install gstreamer1.0-libav
The following NEW packages will be installed:
gstreamer1.0-libav libavcodec54 libavformat54
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 18 not upgraded
现在它起作用了……不知道为什么……但我很高兴。
我认为这是处理Multi-Architecture包管理时的一个已知问题。apt-get提出了首选的解决方案来保持当前安装的相同软件包的架构，这在某些情况下不是你想要的。
在这种情况下，最好的解决方案是:i386用相应的:amd64包替换那些（libavcodec54 或 libavcodec-extra-54、libavformat54、.. 依赖树中的其他包）。
AFAIK，最简单的解决方案是使用aptitude它提供所有其他可能的解决方案并让您选择您喜欢的解决方案。
在 VirtualBox (Ubuntu 14.04) 上测试。我安装了：
sudo apt-get install gstreamer1.0-libav:i386 libavcodec54:i386 libavformat54:i386 \
libopus0:i386
尝试安装 gstreamer1.0-libav 会引发相同的错误消息：
# apt-get install gstreamer1.0-libav
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
gstreamer1.0-libav : Depends: libavcodec54 (>= 6:9.1-1) but it is not going to be installed or
libavcodec-extra-54 (>= 6:9.13) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libavformat54 (>= 6:9.1-1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
解决此类情况的说明：
安装能力：
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)sudo apt-get install aptitude运行：
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)sudo aptitude新闻/和搜索
gstreamer1.0-libav，然后Enter检查它不是
gstreamer1.0-libav:i368，用于n搜索下一个。然后按+标记它以进行安装
在这种情况下有两种解决方案，请参阅底部的红色消息。使用.或,选择建议 4 项移除，这是我们正在寻找的一项。
要确认它是正确的解决方案，请按e，它会检查并显示它将要执行的操作。
如果没问题，请按!应用该解决方案，然后g开始安装过程。
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)(Reading database ... 58187 files and directories currently installed.) Removing gstreamer1.0-libav:i386 (1.2.4-1~ubuntu1) ... Removing libavformat54:i386 (6:9.16-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Removing libavcodec54:i386 (6:9.16-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Removing libavutil52:i386 (6:9.16-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Removing libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386 (1.2.4-1~ubuntu1) ... Removing libgstreamer1.0-0:i386 (1.2.4-0ubuntu1) ... Removing libglib2.0-0:i386 (2.40.2-0ubuntu1) ... Removing librtmp0:i386 (2.4+20121230.gitdf6c518-1) ... Removing libgnutls26:i386 (2.12.23-12ubuntu2.1) ... Removing libp11-kit0:i386 (0.20.2-2ubuntu2) ... Removing libffi6:i386 (3.1~rc1+r3.0.13-12) ... Removing libgcrypt11:i386 (1.5.3-2ubuntu4.1) ... Removing libgpg-error0:i386 (1.12-0.2ubuntu1) ... Removing libgsm1:i386 (1.0.13-4) ... Removing libmp3lame0:i386 (3.99.5+repack1-3ubuntu1) ... Removing libvorbisenc2:i386 (1.3.2-1.3ubuntu1) ... Removing libvorbis0a:i386 (1.3.2-1.3ubuntu1) ... Removing libtheora0:i386 (1.1.1+dfsg.1-3.2) ... Removing libogg0:i386 (1.3.1-1ubuntu1) ... Removing libopenjpeg2:i386 (1.3+dfsg-4.7ubuntu1) ... Removing libopus0 (1.1-0ubuntu1) ... Removing libschroedinger-1.0-0:i386 (1.0.11-2ubuntu1) ... Removing liborc-0.4-0:i386 (1:0.4.18-1ubuntu1) ... Removing libspeex1:i386 (1.2~rc1.1-1ubuntu1) ... Removing libtasn1-6:i386 (3.4-3ubuntu0.1) ... Removing libva1:i386 (1.3.0-2) ... Removing libvpx1:i386 (1.3.0-2) ... Removing libx264-142:i386 (2:0.142.2389+git956c8d8-2) ... Removing libxvidcore4:i386 (2:1.3.2-9ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6) ... Selecting previously unselected package libopus0. (Reading database ... 58038 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libopus0_1.1-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libopus0 (1.1-0ubuntu1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libavcodec54:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libavcodec54_6%3a9.16-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libavcodec54:amd64 (6:9.16-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libavformat54:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libavformat54_6%3a9.16-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libavformat54:amd64 (6:9.16-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package gstreamer1.0-libav:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../gstreamer1.0-libav_1.2.4-1~ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking gstreamer1.0-libav:amd64 (1.2.4-1~ubuntu1) ... Setting up libopus0 (1.1-0ubuntu1) ... Setting up libavcodec54:amd64 (6:9.16-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Setting up libavformat54:amd64 (6:9.16-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Setting up gstreamer1.0-libav:amd64 (1.2.4-1~ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6) ... Press Return to continue.
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