为什么我总是在使用 phpMyAdmin 时收到 403 错误？

Question

我正在运行 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 服务器，我正在尝试让 phpMyAdmin 工作。每当我打开192.168.0.xxx/phpmyadmin它都会给我一个 403 错误。我也安装了 Wordpress，我可以毫无问题地访问它。

我试过了：

• 将所有权设置为 Apache
• 重新启动我的计算机/服务器
• 使用了不同的计算机
• 卸载/重新安装它（包括uninstall? install、purge?install和install --reinstall）
• 阅读了大量有关如何解决此问题的教程/AU 问题/帖子/博客，但没有一个向我展示了有效的解决方案。

我在查看站点的“主页”时发现的一件奇怪的事情（即最后没有/foobar），它显示了一个文件浏览器。但是，它不显示 phpMyAdmin。另外，几天前它还在工作，我不记得改变任何东西。唯一看起来很奇怪的是/servIIRC通常有一些东西，但这可能只是我在另一台服务器上的方式......

注意：.htaccess文件/usr/share/phpmyadmin夹中没有文件。我看过一些文章暗示应该有一个，但我找不到明确的答案。

/etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf 文件：

# phpMyAdmin default Apache configuration
Alias /phpmyadmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin>
    Options FollowSymLinks
    DirectoryIndex index.php
    order deny,allow
    #deny from all
    allow from all
    <IfModule mod_php5.c>
            AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

            php_flag magic_quotes_gpc Off
            php_flag track_vars On
            php_flag register_globals Off
            php_value include_path .
    </IfModule>

</Directory>
# Authorize for setup
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/setup>
 <IfModule mod_authn_file.c>
 AuthType Basic
 AuthName "phpMyAdmin Setup"
 AuthUserFile /etc/phpmyadmin/htpasswd.setup
 </IfModule>
 Require valid-user
</Directory>
#Disallow web access to directories that don't need it
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/libraries>
   Order Deny,Allow
   Deny from All
</Directory>
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/setup/lib>
  Order Deny,Allow
  Deny from All
</Directory>

阿帕奇配置文件：

# The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK.
#
Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR} default

# PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process
# identification number when it starts.
# This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
#
PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE}

# Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out.
#
Timeout 300

KeepAlive On

# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow
# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.
# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.
#
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the
# same client on the same connection.
#
KeepAliveTimeout 5

# These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
User ${APACHE_RUN_USER}
Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP}

# HostnameLookups
HostnameLookups Off

# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

# LogLevel: Control the severity of messages logged to the error_log.
# Available values: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
# error, crit, alert, emerg.
# It is also possible to configure the log level for particular modules, e.g.
# "LogLevel info ssl:warn"
#
LogLevel warn

# Include module configuration:
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.conf

# Include list of ports to listen on
Include ports.conf

# Sets the default security model of the Apache2 HTTPD server. It does
# not allow access to the root filesystem outside of /usr/share and /var/www.
# The former is used by web applications packaged in Debian,
# the latter may be used for local directories served by the web server. If
# your system is serving content from a sub-directory in /srv you must allow
# access here, or in any related virtual host.
<Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all denied
</Directory>

<Directory /var/www/>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
</Directory>


# AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory
# for additional configuration directives.  See also the AllowOverride
# directive.
#
AccessFileName .htaccess

# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
        Require all denied
</FilesMatch>

# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive.
#
# These deviate from the Common Log Format definitions in that they use %O
# (the actual bytes sent including headers) instead of %b (the size of the
# requested file), because the latter makes it impossible to detect partial
# requests.
#
# Note that the use of %{X-Forwarded-For}i instead of %h is not recommended.
# Use mod_remoteip instead.
#
LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent

# Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files,
# see README.Debian for details.

# Include generic snippets of statements
IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf

# Include the virtual host configurations:
IncludeOptional sites-enabled/*.conf

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf

（我很抱歉在这里倾倒了大量文本，但我已经研究了大约三个小时，我不知道如何解决这个问题。如果需要，我很乐意提供更多文件，只需发表评论。）

这是什么原因造成的，我该如何解决？

Answer 1

/etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf从这里更改以下几行：

<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin>
    Options FollowSymLinks
    DirectoryIndex index.php
    order deny,allow
    #deny from all
    allow from all

对此：

<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin>
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
    DirectoryIndex index.php
    AllowOverride all
    Require all granted

你的Apache是2.4及以上的，所以它使用Require all granted的不是Allow from all。

这里还有一个提示：您可以查看您的 Apache error.log 文件以找出您被拒绝的原因（403 错误），这可以提供问题所在的线索。error.log 文件通常位于根目录中（通常为 /var/www/html）。