raj*_*jan 1 gui command-line scripts
我想创建一个 GUI 小部件,例如用于运行一组命令的开/关切换。
例如,使用ap-hotspot start/stop.
有谁帮帮我...
您可以练习一种通用方法来为设置、连接等创建切换脚本/功能。此外,您可能能够在不同情况下重用大部分代码。然而,很难给出一个简单的“多合一”解决方案,适用于不同的情况并且没有任何编码知识或感觉。您取决于脚本必须在两种状态之间切换的性质、它们对应的命令以及您可以使用(或不使用)检查当前状态的方法。
话虽如此,鉴于您的切换热点示例,以下是三个可供使用的设置版本,从相对简单到稍微复杂一些。前两个是最“通用”的;第三个仅用于 Unity。
切换脚本的一般“剖析”如下:
> check what is the current_status
> if current_status = A:
(switch icon to icon_b)
run command to change state to B
(check if toggle command was successful, if not > switch icon back)
> else:
(switch launcher icon to icon_a)
run command to change to change to A
(check if toggle command was successful, if not > switch icon back)
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切换设置;三个例子
笔记:
1. 在桌面上切换单个启动器(桌面文件)
最简单的一个:通过桌面上的(固定的)启动器进行切换
说明:
图标:
从下面下载任一图标(右键单击 > 安全为),将其安全地toggle_icon.png放置在您选择的位置。

剧本:
复制下面的文本,将其粘贴到一个空文件中,并将其另存为 hotspot.py 到您选择的位置。
#!/usr/bin/python3
import subprocess
# identifying string to look for when "pstree" is run
running_id = "ap-hotspot"
def check_ifrunning():
# check if hotspot is up or down
get_pstreeinfo = subprocess.Popen(["pstree"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
output = (get_pstreeinfo.communicate()[0].decode("utf-8"))
if running_id in output:
return "running"
else:
return "not_running"
def toggle_connection():
runcheck = check_ifrunning()
if runcheck == "not_running":
# command to start hotspot (spaces replaced by ",")
subprocess.Popen(["gksu", "ap-hotspot", "start"])
else:
# idem, stop hotspot
subprocess.Popen(["gksu", "ap-hotspot", "stop"])
toggle_connection()
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创建桌面文件:
复制下面的文本,将其粘贴到一个空文本文件中。Exec=在行中添加脚本的正确路径,Icon=在行中添加正确的路径,并将其作为hotspot_toggle.desktop. 使其可执行,您的设置应该可以工作。
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Hotspot toggle
Comment=Hotspot toggle
Categories=Accessories
Exec=python3 /path/to/script/hotspot.py
Icon=/path/to/icon/toggle_icon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
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2.在桌面上使用单个启动器(桌面文件)进行切换,具有图标更改效果
这是第一个例子的增强版本:该图标会变成toggle_officon.png/toggle_onicon.png您的桌面上,取决于热点是否开/关。
说明:
图标:
从第一个示例下载两个图标,将它们安全地作为
toggle_officon.png (the grey one)
toggle_onicon.png (the green one)
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在您选择的位置。
剧本:
复制下面的文本,将其粘贴到一个空文件中,并将其另存为 hotspot.py 到您选择的位置。将正确的路径添加到以path_todtfile =(桌面文件的路径,见下文)、 icon_offpath =(toggle_officon.png 的路径)和icon_onpath =(toggle_onicon.png 的路径)开头的行。注意:桌面文件的“真实”名称是您保存时的命名方式。名字您在界面中看到Name=在桌面文件的行中定义。
#!/usr/bin/python3
import subprocess
import time
wait = 10
# identifying difference on pstree command on / off
running_id = "ap-hotspot"
# pathto_desktop file
path_todtfile = "/path/to/desktop_file/toggle.desktop"
# paths to icons
icon_offpath = "/path/to/toggle_off_icon/toggle_officon.png"
icon_onpath = "/path/to/toggle_on_icon/toggle_onicon.png"
def set_icon(set_mode, state):
if state == "running":
iconset = [icon_onpath, icon_offpath]
else:
iconset = [icon_offpath, icon_onpath]
if set_mode == "set_current":
appropriate_iconpath = iconset[0]
else:
appropriate_iconpath = iconset[1]
with open(path_todtfile, "r") as editicon:
editicon = editicon.readlines()
line_toedit = [editicon.index(line) for line in editicon if\
line.startswith("Icon=")][0]
if not editicon[line_toedit] == "Icon="+appropriate_iconpath+"\n":
editicon[line_toedit] = "Icon="+appropriate_iconpath+"\n"
with open(path_todtfile, "wt") as edited_icon:
for line in editicon:
edited_icon.write(line)
else:
pass
def check_ifrunning():
# check if hotspot is up or down
get_pstreeinfo = subprocess.Popen(["pstree"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
output = (get_pstreeinfo.communicate()[0].decode("utf-8"))
if running_id in output:
return "running"
else:
return "not_running"
def toggle_connection():
runcheck = check_ifrunning()
set_icon("set_alter", runcheck)
if runcheck == "not_running":
subprocess.call(["gksu", "ap-hotspot", "start"])
else:
subprocess.call(["gksu", "ap-hotspot", "stop"])
time.sleep(wait)
runcheck = check_ifrunning()
set_icon("set_current", runcheck)
toggle_connection()
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桌面文件:
像示例 1 一样创建桌面文件。在脚本中添加正确的路径 Exec=在行中、中两个图标之一的路径Icon=(首次使用时将被理顺),并将其安全地以toggle.desktop. 使其可执行,您的设置应该可以工作。
3.从Unity启动器中的图标切换,用切换图标显示当前状态
停机/运行

(不应使用此示例,因为它在 12.04 或更早版本上。)
图标:
从第一个示例下载两个图标,将它们安全地作为
toggle_officon.png (the grey one)
toggle_onicon.png (the green one)
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在您选择的位置。
剧本:
复制下面的文字。将其粘贴到一个空文件中,在适合您的位置将其另存为 hotspot.py。
#!/usr/bin/python3
import subprocess
import getpass
import time
# time to wait, to check if hotspot was established (set correct icon)
wait = 10
# identifying difference on pstree command
running_id = "ap-hotspot"
# location of the launcher restore script
backup_copy = "/home/"+getpass.getuser()+"/.restore_currentlauncher.sh"
# name of the desktop file if hotspot is down
mention_ifdown = 'application://hotspot_off.desktop'
# name of the desktop file if hotspot is running
mention_ifup = 'application://hotspot_on.desktop'
def check_ifrunning():
# check if hotspot is up or down
get_pstreeinfo = subprocess.Popen(["pstree"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
output = (get_pstreeinfo.communicate()[0].decode("utf-8"))
if running_id in output:
return "running"
else:
return "not_running"
def read_currentlauncher():
# read the current launcher contents
get_launcheritems = subprocess.Popen([
"gsettings", "get", "com.canonical.Unity.Launcher", "favorites"
], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
return eval((get_launcheritems.communicate()[0].decode("utf-8")))
def set_current_launcher(current_launcher):
# before editing the launcher, create restore script
backup_data = read_currentlauncher()
with open(backup_copy, "wt") as create_backup:
create_backup.write(
"#!/bin/sh\n\n"\
"gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites "+\
'"'+str(backup_data)+'"'
)
# preparing subprocess command string
current_launcher = str(current_launcher).replace(", ", ",")
subprocess.Popen([
"gsettings", "set", "com.canonical.Unity.Launcher", "favorites",
current_launcher,
])
def set_icon(change_mode):
# defines the appropriate icon in the launcher
state = check_ifrunning()
if state == "running":
if change_mode == "set_current":
iconset = [mention_ifup, mention_ifdown]
else:
iconset = [mention_ifdown, mention_ifup]
elif state == "not_running":
if change_mode == "set_current":
iconset = [mention_ifdown, mention_ifup]
else:
iconset = [mention_ifup, mention_ifdown]
# set the defined icon
current_launcher = read_currentlauncher()
if iconset[0] in current_launcher:
pass
else:
index = current_launcher.index(iconset[1])
current_launcher.pop(index)
set_current_launcher(current_launcher)
time.sleep(1)
current_launcher.insert(index, iconset[0])
set_current_launcher(current_launcher)
def toggle_connection():
set_icon("set_alter")
runcheck = check_ifrunning()
if runcheck == "not_running":
subprocess.call(["gksu", "ap-hotspot", "start"])
else:
subprocess.call(["gksu", "ap-hotspot", "stop"])
time.sleep(wait)
set_icon("set_current")
toggle_connection()
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两个桌面文件,将在启动器中切换:
下面是您需要的两个桌面文件。打开一个空文本文件,粘贴下面的代码(在单独的文件中),用上面保存的图标的实际路径和脚本的路径替换路径,然后将它们保存在~/.local/share/applications、 ashotspot_off.desktop和 中hotspot_on.desktop:
hotspot_off.desktop:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Hotspot off
Exec=python3 /path/to/script/hotspot.py
Icon=/path/to/toggle_officon/toggle_officon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
NoDisplay=true
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hotspot_on.desktop:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Hotspot on
Exec=python3 /path/to/script/hotspot.py
Icon=/path/to/toggle_officon/toggle_onicon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
NoDisplay=true
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最后,将任一桌面文件拖到启动器上。不要担心你是否选择了正确的,它会在第一次运行时被理顺。