安装虚拟依赖的正确方法

Question

我正在创建.deb我们基于 Java 的应用程序的包（请参阅此超级用户问题）。我现在使用以下依赖信息：

Depends: java-runtime-headless (>= 1.6)
Recommends: openjdk-7-jre-headless, ...

现在我正在尝试安装它：

$ sudo dpkg -i MYAPP.deb 
Selecting previously unselected package MYAPP.
(Reading database ... 140874 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking MYAPP (from MYAPP.deb) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of MYAPP:
 MYAPP depends on java-runtime-headless (>= 1.6); however:
  Package java-runtime-headless is not installed.
dpkg: error processing MYAPP (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 MYAPP
$

好的，我正在尝试安装依赖项：

$ sudo apt-get install java-runtime-headless
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Package java-runtime-headless is a virtual package provided by:
  openjdk-7-jre-headless 7u25-2.3.10-1ubuntu0.12.04.2
  openjdk-6-jre-headless 6b27-1.12.6-1ubuntu0.12.04.2
  gcj-jre-headless 4:4.6.3-1ubuntu5
  gcj-4.6-jre-headless 4.6.3-1ubuntu2
  default-jre-headless 1:1.6-43ubuntu2
You should explicitly select one to install.

E: Package 'java-runtime-headless' has no installation candidate

好的，我选择了以下软件包之一：

$ sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre-headless
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 openjdk-7-jre-headless : Depends: openjdk-7-jre-lib (= 7u25-2.3.10-1ubuntu0.12.04.2) but it is not going to be installed
                          Depends: ca-certificates-java but it is not going to be installed
                          Depends: tzdata-java (>= 2012e-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) but it is not going to be installed
                          Depends: java-common (>= 0.28) but it is not going to be installed
                          Depends: libnss3-1d (>= 3.12.9+ckbi-1.82-0ubuntu4) but it is not going to be installed
                          Recommends: icedtea-7-jre-jamvm (= 7u25-2.3.10-1ubuntu0.12.04.2) but it is not going to be installed
 MYAPP : Depends: java-runtime-headless (>= 1.6)
         Recommends: mercurial but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

现在它只建议我删除我的应用程序：

$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  MYAPP
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 41.0 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? n
Abort.
$ 

看起来我首先需要安装依赖项 ( openjdk-7-jre-headless)，然后是我的应用程序。普通用户应该怎么理解？或者有更好的安装方法MYAPP.deb吗？

Answer 1

我会从您的“java-runtime-headless”依赖项中删除该版本。

虚拟包受到一些令人不安的限制，其中最重要的是缺少版本号。

http://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.package-meta-information.html

如果您想指定一组真实包中的哪一个应该是默认值以满足对虚拟包的特定依赖性，您应该在虚拟包之前列出真实包作为替代。

http://sdn.vlsm.org/share/Debian-Doc/debian-policy/ch-relationships.html