libgtk-3-0 依赖问题

Question

我一直在尝试更新我的 Ubuntu 机器上的标准包。除了用于我运行的某些 Windows 东西的 VirtualBox 之外，这个盒子上几乎没有任何额外的东西。这是一个输出：

$ sudo apt-get update
[...]
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgail-3-0 : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (= 3.6.0-0ubuntu3.2) but 3.6.0-0ubuntu3.1 is installed
 libgtk-3-0 : Depends: libgtk-3-common (= 3.6.0-0ubuntu3.1) but 3.6.0-0ubuntu3.2 is installed
 libgtk-3-bin : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.6.0-0ubuntu3.2) but 3.6.0-0ubuntu3.1 is installed

另一个带有 -f 选项：

$ sudo apt-get -f upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libgtk-3-0 overlay-scrollbar-gtk3
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
26 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/2,397 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
(Reading database ... 203437 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace libgtk-3-0:amd64 3.6.0-0ubuntu3.1 (using .../libgtk-3-0_3.6.0-0ubuntu3.2_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libgtk-3-0:amd64 ...
dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libgtk-3-0_3.6.0-0ubuntu3.2_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-3.0/3.0.0/immodules', which is also in package ibus-gtk3:amd64 1.4.1-7ubuntu1
Preparing to replace overlay-scrollbar-gtk3:amd64 0.2.16+r357-0ubuntu1 (using .../overlay-scrollbar-gtk3_0.2.16+r357-0ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement overlay-scrollbar-gtk3:amd64 ...
dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/overlay-scrollbar-gtk3_0.2.16+r357-0ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-3.0/modules', which is also in package libcanberra-gtk3-module:amd64 0.29-0ubuntu2
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/libgtk-3-0_3.6.0-0ubuntu3.2_amd64.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/overlay-scrollbar-gtk3_0.2.16+r357-0ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

这是apt-cache policy所有相关包的输出：pastebin d3YcjPmJ。所有似乎都来自官方quantal和quantal-updates发布渠道以及官方镜像。

我也试过sudo apt-get -f install,sudo apt-get dist-upgrade和sudo apt-get clean && sudo rm -r /var/cache/apt/archives/，但都导致同样的错误。

Answer 1

好的，如果您仍然遇到此问题，则发生这种情况是因为如果其对等版本不同，某些软件包将无法工作。

libgail-3-0 : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (= 3.6.0-0ubuntu3.2) but 3.6.0-0ubuntu3.1 is installed
libgtk-3-0 : Depends: libgtk-3-common (= 3.6.0-0ubuntu3.1) but 3.6.0-0ubuntu3.2 is installed
libgtk-3-bin : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.6.0-0ubuntu3.2) but 3.6.0-0ubuntu3.1 is installed

如您所见，libgail-3-0 要求 libgtk-3-0 为 3.6.0-0ubuntu3。2但 libgtk-3-0 要求 libgtk-3-common 为 3.6.0-0ubuntu3。1 .1 版本的差异。因此，由于 libgtk-family 不能有不同的版本，因此 apt-get 会出现预期的依赖错误。那么如何解决这个问题呢？我们使用hold包裹状态：

echo "libgtk-3-bin hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "libgtk-3-0 hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections

这样，您就可以正常升级，直到 Ubuntu 存储库中的依赖性冲突得到解决。

一旦您认为可以允许升级，只需运行：

echo "libgtk-3-bin install" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "libgtk-3-0 install" | sudo dpkg --set-selections

另一种选择是强制安装版本：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-0=3.6.0-0ubuntu3.1 libgtk-3-common=3.6.0-0ubuntu3.1 libgtk-3-0=3.6.0-0ubuntu3.1

这将告诉 apt-get 使用相同的版本号安装所有内容。