昨天我将 Ubuntu 从 12.04 升级到 12.10。但是，Linux 内核并没有像我预期的那样从 3.2 升级到 3.5。
$ uname -r
3.2.0-32-generic
$ uname -a
Linux tony-b 3.2.0-32-generic #51-Ubuntu SMP Wed Sep 26 21:33:09 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.2.0-32-generic (buildd@batsu) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) ) #51-Ubuntu SMP Wed Sep 26 21:33:09 UTC 2012
不知道为什么会在那里发生。
我想安装 Audacity (v2.0.1-1_amd64) 来编辑讲座音频文件。通过 Ubuntu 软件中心尝试此操作时，它说要安装 Audacity，需要删除四个项目：
因此，我单击“仍然安装”但失败并显示以下输出：
installArchives() failed: (Reading database ...
(Reading database ... 259675 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-27-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-27-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic
Generating grub.cfg ...
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic.postrm line 328.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
Removing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic
Generating grub.cfg ...
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic.postrm line 328.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
Removing linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-30-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic
Generating grub.cfg ...
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic.postrm line 328.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
Removing linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-31-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-31-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-31-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-generic
Generating grub.cfg ...
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic.postrm line 328.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic
linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic
linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic
linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic
Error in function:
Setting up grub-pc (2.00-7ubuntu11) ...
/usr/sbin/grub-bios-setup: warning: Sector 32 is already in use by the program `FlexNet'; avoiding it. This software may cause boot or other problems in future. Please ask its authors not to store data in the boot track.
Installation finished. No error reported.
Generating grub.cfg ...
dpkg: error processing grub-pc (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
看来我需要以某种方式删除旧的 linux 映像。我已经通过 (1) Synaptic、(2) Ubuntu Tweak 和 (3) Computer Janitor 尝试过这个。
前两个失败，而 Computer Janitor 甚至不会打开。Synaptic 的输出是：
E: linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic: subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
E: linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic: subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
E: linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic: subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
E: linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic: subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
$ dpkg --list | grep linux-image
rH linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic 3.2.0-27.43 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rH linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic 3.2.0-29.46 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rH linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic 3.2.0-30.48 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rH linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic 3.2.0-31.50 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.2.0-32-generic 3.2.0-32.51 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.5.0-17-generic 3.5.0-17.28 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.5.0-17-generic 3.5.0-17.28 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-generic 3.5.0.17.19 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
但是尝试使用命令行删除也失败了，例如：
$ sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED
linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
5 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 597 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y
(Reading database ... 259675 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-27-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-27-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic
Generating grub.cfg ...
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic.postrm line 328.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached
Removing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic
Generating grub.cfg ...
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic.postrm line 328.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached
Removing linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-30-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic
Generating grub.cfg ...
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic.postrm line 328.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached
Removing linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-31-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-31-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-31-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-generic
Generating grub.cfg ...
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic.postrm line 328.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic
linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic
linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic
linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
如何删除拒绝删除的旧内核映像？
解决方案在这里找到：http : //ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1735575&page=2
我只需要执行选项一即可使其正常工作，但我将在此处引用整个内容以供参考：
来自 drs305：
问题似乎出在 grub 的安装后脚本中：/etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub
我没有问题，但我已经完成了以下操作。唯一的区别是我的系统没有挂在脚本失败上。
选项 1：如果您已启动到操作系统并且可以运行“apt-get install”
您可以使用“sudo apt-get install 2vard”测试这是否可行。这是一个非常小的包裹。如果安装正常：
代码：
sudo apt-get purge grub-common
这将删除 zz-update-grub 脚本。
系统会警告您正在删除引导加载程序。Tab 到 OK 和 ENTER。
代码：
sudo apt-get install grub-pc
Tab 到 OK，然后使用空格键只选择 Ubuntu 驱动器，而不是分区。这将恢复 zz-update-grub 文件。如果问题出在 grub 文件上，这应该可以解决它。
选项 2：如果上述方法不起作用：
尝试重命名 grub 脚本以绕过它。这不是一个长期解决方案，但您可以运行更新。
sudo mv /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub.bad
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