Ubuntu 22.04：系统突然重启，我该如何解决这个问题？

Question

我已经经历了一段时间的一些不必要的重新启动，其原因尚不清楚。最初购买电脑时，大约一年前，一切都很稳定。

\n

检查重新启动日志，上一个会话报告为正在运行

\n

$ ~ \xe2\x9d\xaf last reboot                                                  \xef\x80\x97 05:14:52\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-50-generi Sat Oct 15 05:11   still running\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-50-generi Wed Oct 12 13:21   still running\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-48-generi Mon Oct 10 19:53 - 13:21 (1+17:27)\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-48-generi Thu Oct  6 08:08 - 13:21 (6+05:13)\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-47-generi Thu Sep 29 10:13 - 13:21 (13+03:07)\n

\n

进一步查看 utmp 文件记录了一次崩溃。

\n

$ /var/log \xe2\x9d\xaf last -f wtmp                                                                                                                                                    andrea   tty2         tty2             Sat Oct 15 05:11   still logged in\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-50-generi Sat Oct 15 05:11   still running\nandrea   tty2         tty2             Wed Oct 12 13:22 - crash (2+15:49)\nandrea   tty2         tty2             Wed Oct 12 13:21 - 13:21  (00:00)\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-50-generi Wed Oct 12 13:21   still running\nandrea   tty2         tty2             Mon Oct 10 19:53 - down  (1+17:27)\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-48-generi Mon Oct 10 19:53 - 13:21 (1+17:27)\nandrea   tty2         tty2             Thu Oct  6 08:08 - crash (4+11:45)\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-48-generi Thu Oct  6 08:08 - 13:21 (6+05:13)\nandrea   tty2         tty2             Thu Sep 29 10:19 - crash (6+21:48)\nandrea   tty2         tty2             Thu Sep 29 10:17 - 10:19  (00:01)\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-47-generi Thu Sep 29 10:13 - 13:21 (13+03:07)\nandrea   tty2         tty2             Thu Sep 29 09:33 - down   (00:40)\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-47-generi Thu Sep 29 09:29 - 10:13  (00:44)\nandrea   tty2         tty2             Thu Aug 25 09:40 - down  (34+23:48)\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-46-generi Thu Aug 25 09:37 - 09:29 (34+23:51)\nandrea   tty3                          Sat Jul  2 15:13 - 15:13  (00:00)\nandrea   tty2         tty2             Sat Jul  2 13:57 - down  (53+19:40)\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-40-generi Sat Jul  2 13:56 - 09:37 (53+19:40)\nandrea   tty2         tty2             Sat Jul  2 10:52 - down   (03:04)\nreboot   system boot  5.15.0-40-generi Sat Jul  2 10:51 - 13:56  (03:04)\nandrea   tty2         tty2             Sat Jul  2 11:17 - down   (-00:28)\n

\n

我正在运行 5.15.0-50-generic 内核，下面是硬件快照。完整详细信息请参见此处。

\n

H/W path         Device          Class          Description\n===========================================================\n                                 system         MACHD-WXX9 (C100)\n/0                               bus            MACHD-WXX9-PCB\n/0/0                             memory         128KiB BIOS\n/0/4                             processor      11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1135G7 @ 2.40GHz\n/0/4/6                           memory         128KiB L1 cache\n/0/4/7                           memory         5MiB L2 cache\n/0/4/8                           memory         8MiB L3 cache\n/0/5                             memory         192KiB L1 cache\n/0/d                             memory         16GiB System Memory\n/0/d/0                           memory         2GiB Row of chips LPDDR4 Synchronous 4267 MHz (0.2 ns)\n/0/d/1                           memory         2GiB Row of chips LPDDR4 Synchronous 4267 MHz (0.2 ns)\n/0/d/2                           memory         2GiB Row of chips LPDDR4 Synchronous 4267 MHz (0.2 ns)\n/0/d/3                           memory         2GiB Row of chips LPDDR4 Synchronous 4267 MHz (0.2 ns)\n/0/d/4                           memory         2GiB Row of chips LPDDR4 Synchronous 4267 MHz (0.2 ns)\n/0/d/5                           memory         2GiB Row of chips LPDDR4 Synchronous 4267 MHz (0.2 ns)\n/0/d/6                           memory         2GiB Row of chips LPDDR4 Synchronous 4267 MHz (0.2 ns)\n/0/d/7                           memory         2GiB Row of chips LPDDR4 Synchronous 4267 MHz (0.2 ns)\n/0/100                           bridge         11th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers\n/0/100/2         /dev/fb0        display        TigerLake-LP GT2 [Iris Xe Graphics]\n/0/100/2/0       input15         input          DP-3\n/0/100/4                         generic        TigerLake-LP Dynamic Tuning Processor Participant\n/0/100/7                         bridge         Tiger Lake-LP Thunderbolt 4 PCI Express Root Port #0\n/0/100/7.2                       bridge         Tiger Lake-LP Thunderbolt 4 PCI Express Root Port #2\n/0/100/d                         bus            Tiger Lake-LP Thunderbolt 4 USB Controller\n/0/100/d/0       usb1            bus            xHCI Host Controller\n/0/100/d/1       usb2            bus            xHCI Host Controller\n/0/100/d/1/3                     bus            USB3.0 Hub\n/0/100/d.2                       bus            Tiger Lake-LP Thunderbolt 4 NHI #0\n/0/100/d.3                       bus            Tiger Lake-LP Thunderbolt 4 NHI #1\n/0/100/14                        bus            Tiger Lake-LP USB 3.2 Gen 2x1 xHCI Host Controller\n/0/100/14/0      usb3            bus            xHCI Host Controller\n/0/100/14/0/4                    bus            USB2.0 Hub\n/0/100/14/0/7    input16         multimedia     HD Camera: HD Camera\n/0/100/14/0/a                    communication  AX201 Bluetooth\n/0/100/14/1      usb4            bus            xHCI Host Controller\n/0/100/14.2                      memory         RAM memory\n/0/100/14.3      wlp0s20f3       network        Wi-Fi 6 AX201\n/0/100/15                        bus            Tiger Lake-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #0\n/0/100/15.1                      bus            Tiger Lake-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #1\n/0/100/16                        communication  Tiger Lake-LP Management Engine Interface\n/0/100/1d                        bridge         Tiger Lake-LP PCI Express Root Port #9\n/0/100/1d/0      /dev/nvme0      storage        SAMSUNG MZVLB512HBJQ-00000\n/0/100/1d/0/0    hwmon3          disk           NVMe disk\n/0/100/1d/0/2    /dev/ng0n1      disk           NVMe disk\n/0/100/1d/0/1    /dev/nvme0n1    disk           512GB NVMe disk\n/0/100/1d/0/1/1  /dev/nvme0n1p1  volume         199MiB Windows FAT volume\n/0/100/1d/0/1/2  /dev/nvme0n1p2  volume         15MiB reserved partition\n/0/100/1d/0/1/3  /dev/nvme0n1p3  volume         79GiB Windows NTFS volume\n/0/100/1d/0/1/4  /dev/nvme0n1p4  volume         511MiB Windows FAT volume\n/0/100/1d/0/1/5  /dev/nvme0n1p5  volume         17GiB Windows NTFS volume\n/0/100/1d/0/1/6  /dev/nvme0n1p6  volume         1023MiB Windows NTFS volume\n/0/100/1d/0/1/7  /dev/nvme0n1p7  volume         347GiB EXT4 volume\n/0/100/1d/0/1/8  /dev/nvme0n1p8  volume         29GiB Linux swap volume\n/0/100/1e                        communication  Tiger Lake-LP Serial IO UART Controller #0\n/0/100/1e.3                      bus            Tiger Lake-LP Serial IO SPI Controller #1\n/0/100/1f                        bridge         Tiger Lake-LP LPC Controller\n/0/100/1f/0                      system         PnP device PNP0c02\n/0/100/1f/1                      generic        PnP device INT3f0d\n/0/100/1f/2                      input          PnP device PNP0303\n/0/100/1f/3                      system         PnP device PNP0c02\n/0/100/1f/4                      system         PnP device PNP0c02\n/0/100/1f/5                      system         PnP device PNP0c02\n/0/100/1f/6                      system         PnP device PNP0c02\n/0/100/1f.3      card0           multimedia     Tiger Lake-LP Smart Sound Technology Audio Controller\n/0/100/1f.4                      bus            Tiger Lake-LP SMBus Controller\n/0/100/1f.5                      bus            Tiger Lake-LP SPI Controller\n/1                               power          HB4593R1ECW-22T0\n/2               input0          input          Lid Switch\n/3               input1          input          Power Button\n/4               input10         input          GXTP7863:00 27C6:01E0 Touchpad\n/5               input12         input          SYNA2393:00 06CB:19AC\n/6               input14         input          Video Bus\n/7               input17         input          sof-hda-dsp Headphone\n/8               input18         input          sof-hda-dsp HDMI/DP,pcm=3\n/9               input19         input          sof-hda-dsp HDMI/DP,pcm=4\n/a               input2          input          AT Translated Set 2 keyboard\n/b               input20         input          sof-hda-dsp HDMI/DP,pcm=5\n/c               input23         input          Paris Keyboard\n/d               input26         input          Paris Mouse\n/e               input8          input          Huawei WMI hotkeys\n/f               input9          input          GXTP7863:00 27C6:01E0 Mouse\n

\n

完整的 HTML 报告以红色显示两个部分：内存和串行总线控制器。

\n

我不确定红色是否表明存在问题，但我记得我曾经修复过几台因 1) 内存故障 2) CPU 和内存不兼容而突然崩溃的计算机。不确定这里的 1) 问题是否相同。

\n

/proc/sys/kernel/panic 文件中有一个 0；我想这意味着没有错误的驱动程序可能是导致重新启动的原因？

\n

感谢您为继续调查和解决问题提供的任何帮助。

\n

Answer 1

如果您看到随机软件问题，即如果出现“无法通过读取日志进行分析” -
那么您可能会考虑转向查找硬件问题。

我的非理性行为经历“总是”最终成为硬件之间“令人讨厌的”连接；

例如，带有肮脏连接器的 RAM 模块（使用铅笔橡皮擦清洁！）和
有故障的旧 Molex 型 PSU 馈电（更换！）。

计算机外壳越小，确保充足的冷却就越重要。

定期清除积聚的灰尘，并
确保使用时冷却空气自由流通；
始终“不惜一切代价”避免堵塞。

如果清理污垢和污垢后问题仍然存在，则您的电子设备可能会因过热次数过多而造成永久性损坏：那么除了以下之外，没有其他补救措施：代替。
（很难发现问题，可能是在电路之间的“丢失时序”内部，通常无法通过简单的方法修复）。