那些遇到过的问题

ImageMagick（或其他）用于 UTF-8 文本到图像

fom*_*mil 8 fonts imagemagick unicode images

我正在尝试使用convert. 目的是为塑料专家提供可打印到键盘键帽上的图像。

在ImageMagick的文件显示是这样的：

 printf "\u2318" | convert -size 100x100 label:@- -font unifont-Medium command.png
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或者

 echo ? | convert -size 100x100 label:@- -font unifont-Medium command.png
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或者

 convert -size 100x100 label:'?' -font unifont-Medium command.png
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它应该打印感兴趣的地方符号，但它会产生一个问号。

我已经确认（使用charmap）unifont-Medium字体集实际上包含这个字形。我知道我系统上的其他字体也可以提供这个字形，因为我可以在安装 unifont 之前看到它，但我无法弄清楚它们的名字是什么。

我也尝试过使用 LaTeX（例如带有所有附加功能和utf8x包的TexLive ），但不支持任何特殊字符。

有很多关于使用 imagemagick 和其他特殊字符打印汉字的论坛问题......以下对我有用：

convert -background lightblue -fill blue -pointsize 32 \
      label:' é è à ù ç Ö ÿ ‘ ’ “ ” ° ² ³ € x ÷ '    label_i8n.gif
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但它不适用于对我来说实际上很重要的 UTF-8 字符。

如何将任意 unicode 字符转换为图像？

更新：我放弃了，看起来像一个错误。相反，我创建了一堆脚本来生成和渲染 SVG，在此处开源：kinesis-dvorak

slm*_*slm 10

我尝试了相同的命令并得到了相同的结果。

$ printf "\u2318" | convert -size 100x100 label:@- \
        -font unifont-Medium command.png
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                                                                           渲染字体的 ss

更改为字母 G 的 unicode 可以正常工作：

$ printf "\u0047" | convert -size 100x100 label:@- \
       -font unifont-Medium command.png
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                                                                           G

我会将这个问题发布到ImageMagick Discourse 网站，看看为什么会发生这种情况。如果您不确定如何执行此操作或继续操作，我可以提供帮助。

调试转换

您可以添加-debug annotate开关以查看正在做什么convert。

例子

$ printf "\u2318" | convert -size 100x100 label:@- -font unifont-Medium -pointsize 40 -debug annotate command.png
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.010u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 12
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.010u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 6.375; height: 14; ascent: 11; descent: -3; max advance: 24; bounds: 0.625,0  6.78125,8; origin: 7,0; pixels per em: 12,12; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.010u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 12
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.010u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 6.375; height: 14; ascent: 11; descent: -3; max advance: 24; bounds: 0.625,0  6.78125,8; origin: 7,0; pixels per em: 12,12; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.010u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 24
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.010u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 12.75; height: 28; ascent: 22; descent: -5; max advance: 48; bounds: 1.25,0  13.5781,18; origin: 15,0; pixels per em: 24,24; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.010u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 48
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.010u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 25.5156; height: 55; ascent: 43; descent: -10; max advance: 96; bounds: 2.48438,0  27.1406,35.5; origin: 29,0; pixels per em: 48,48; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.010u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 96
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 53.0312; height: 110; ascent: 87; descent: -20; max advance: 192; bounds: 4.96875,0  54.2812,70; origin: 59,0; pixels per em: 96,96; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 96
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 53.0312; height: 110; ascent: 87; descent: -20; max advance: 192; bounds: 4.96875,0  54.2812,70; origin: 59,0; pixels per em: 96,96; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 95
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 52.0781; height: 109; ascent: 86; descent: -20; max advance: 190; bounds: 4.92188,0  53.7188,70; origin: 58,0; pixels per em: 95,95; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 94
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 51.1406; height: 108; ascent: 85; descent: -20; max advance: 188; bounds: 4.85938,0  53.1562,68; origin: 57,0; pixels per em: 94,94; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 93
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 51.1875; height: 107; ascent: 84; descent: -20; max advance: 186; bounds: 4.8125,0  52.5781,67; origin: 57,0; pixels per em: 93,93; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 92
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 50.2344; height: 106; ascent: 83; descent: -19; max advance: 184; bounds: 4.76562,0  52.0156,67; origin: 56,0; pixels per em: 92,92; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.020 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 91
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 50.2969; height: 105; ascent: 82; descent: -19; max advance: 182; bounds: 4.70312,0  51.4531,65.4688; origin: 56,0; pixels per em: 91,91; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 90
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 49.3438; height: 103; ascent: 81; descent: -19; max advance: 180; bounds: 4.65625,0  50.8906,65.4688; origin: 55,0; pixels per em: 90,90; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 89
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 48.3906; height: 102; ascent: 81; descent: -19; max advance: 178; bounds: 4.60938,0  50.3281,64; origin: 54,0; pixels per em: 89,89; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 88
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 48.4375; height: 101; ascent: 80; descent: -19; max advance: 176; bounds: 4.5625,0  49.7656,64; origin: 54,0; pixels per em: 88,88; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 87
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 47.5; height: 100; ascent: 79; descent: -18; max advance: 174; bounds: 4.5,0  49.1875,63; origin: 53,0; pixels per em: 87,87; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 86
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 47.5469; height: 99; ascent: 78; descent: -18; max advance: 172; bounds: 4.45312,0  48.625,63; origin: 53,0; pixels per em: 86,86; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 86
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/GetTypeMetrics/798/Annotate
  Metrics: text: ?; width: 47.5469; height: 99; ascent: 78; descent: -18; max advance: 172; bounds: 4.45312,0  48.625,63; origin: 53,0; pixels per em: 86,86; underline position: -5.0625; underline thickness: 3.35938
2014-04-10T09:37:04-04:00 0:00.030 0.020u 6.7.8 Annotate convert[16619]: annotate.c/RenderFreetype/1220/Annotate
  Font /usr/share/fonts/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf; font-encoding none; text-encoding none; pointsize 86
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更新 #1 - 进一步调试

这个问题让我很恼火，所以我想我终于弄明白了。问题是字体的选择，它无法显示该特定字形。

  1. 首先，您可以使用此命令查看convert. 所以让我们从那里开始。

    $ convert -list font | head -8

Path: /etc/ImageMagick/type-ghostscript.xml
  Font: AvantGarde-Book
    family: AvantGarde
    style: Normal
    stretch: Normal
    weight: 400
    glyphs: /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1/a010013l.pfb
    ...
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    上面显示了一个示例，每个字体都有与上面类似的线条。顺便说一句，运行此命令显示我们有数百种字体：

    $ convert -list font | grep Font | wc -l
262
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  2. 接下来，我们将完成对字符进行编码的任务，\u2318使用我们拥有的每种字体。这听起来很复杂，但通过 Bash 考虑到一些经过深思熟虑的单衬程序，这相当简单。

    $ for i in $(convert -list font | grep Font | awk '{print $2}'); \
    do convert -font $i -pointsize 36 label:?  ${i}.gif;done
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    此代码段将使用 for 循环遍历每个字体，运行convert命令的修改版本。

  3. 现在我们来看看结果。许多字体无法显示这个特定的字形，但有几个可以，这似乎表明它不一定是 ImageMagick 中的错误，而是字体本身的限制。这是我可以显示此字形的字体列表。

    • DejaVu-Sans-Bold
    • DejaVu-Sans-Bold-Oblique
    • DejaVu-Sans-Book
    • DejaVu-Sans-Condensed-Bold
    • DejaVu-Sans-Condensed-Bold-Oblique
    • DejaVu-Sans-Condensed
    • DejaVu-Sans-Condensed-Oblique
    • DejaVu-Sans-Mono-Bold
    • DejaVu-Sans-Mono-Bold-Oblique
    • DejaVu-Sans-Mono-Book
    • DejaVu-Sans-Mono-Oblique
    • DejaVu-Sans-Oblique
    • DejaVu-Serif-Bold
    • DejaVu-Serif-Bold-Italic
    • DejaVu-衬线书
    • DejaVu-Serif-Condensed-Bold
    • DejaVu-Serif-Condensed-Bold-Italic
    • DejaVu-Serif-Condensed
    • DejaVu-Serif-Condensed-Italic
    • DejaVu-衬线-斜体
    • FreeMono-Regular
    • FreeSerif-Regular
    • STIX-数学-常规
    • STIX-常规
    • VL-Gothic-正规

    我直观地浏览了整个 ~260 个结果.gif文件，以确定哪些有效，哪些无效。下面是一些有效的示例，以便您可以看到它们。

                                                SS1    SS2    SS3    SS4    SS5

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