修复 EXT4-fs 错误几何（块数超过设备大小）

Question

我有一个微型 SD 卡，它有一个 FAT32 分区和一个 EXT4 分区。EXT4 分区将不再挂载。dmesg 显示以下错误：

EXT4-fs (sdb2): bad geometry: block count 2199023779840 exceeds size of device (524288 blocks)

我用谷歌搜索过，但仍然不完全理解问题出在哪里（在分区表中？文件系统中？）也不知道如何解决它。我尝试了多种解决方案：

• 使用testdisk写分区表
• 使用 fsck 从备份中恢复超级块（我已经尝试了所有这些）。例如fsck.ext4 -b 163840 -B 4096 /dev/sdb2
• 使用fsck -cc检查坏块
• 使用 resize2fs 设置分区的大小。输出：The combination of flex_bg and !resize_inode features is not supported by resize2fs.

当我运行 fsck 时，它出现了一堆错误（下面的完整输出），它声称已修复。但是，如果我再次运行它，它每次都会再次显示相同的错误。

如何修复错误的几何问题并使我的文件系统再次可挂载？这怎么发生的？

fsck 输出：

e2fsck 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)
One or more block group descriptor checksums are invalid.  Fix<y>? yes

Group descriptor 0 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 1 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 2 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 3 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 4 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 5 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 6 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 7 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 8 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 9 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 10 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 11 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 12 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 13 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 14 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
Group descriptor 15 checksum is invalid.  FIXED.
/dev/sdb2 contains a file system with errors, check forced.
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
Free blocks count wrong for group #0 (24465, counted=24466).
Fix<y>? yes

Free blocks count wrong for group #2 (4788, counted=5812).
Fix<y>? yes

Free blocks count wrong for group #3 (8710, counted=8881).
Fix<y>? yes

Free blocks count wrong for group #8 (5682, counted=22066).
Fix<y>? yes

Free blocks count wrong (299742, counted=317322).
Fix<y>? yes

Inode bitmap differences:  -(8193--8194) -8197 -8208 -(8225--8226) -8229 -(8240--8241) -(8257--8258) -8261 -8272 -8274 -(8289--8290) -8293 -(8304--8306) -(8321--8322) -8325 -8336 -8339 -16387 -16389 -16400 -16419 -16421 -(16432--16433) -16451 -16453 -16464 -16466 -16483 -16485 -(16496--16498) -16515 -16517 -16528 -16531 -24577 -24579 -24581 -24592 -24609 -24611 -24613 -(24624--24625) -24641 -24643 -24645 -24656 -24658 -24673 -24675 -24677 -(24688--24690) -24705 -24707 -24709 -24720 -24723 -(32770--32771) -32773 -32784 -(32802--32803) -32805 -(32816--32817) -(32834--32835) -32837 -32848 -32850 -(32866--32867) -32869 -(32880--32882) -(32898--32899) -32901 -32912 -32915 -(40961--40963) -40965 -40976 -(40993--40995) -40997 -(41008--41009) -(41025--41027) -41029 -41040 -41042 -(41057--41059) -41061 -(41072--41074) -(41089--41091) -41093 -41104 -41107 -(49156--49157) -49168 -(49188--49189) -(49200--49201) -(49220--49221) -49232 -49234 -(49252--49253) -(49264--49266) -(49284--49285) -49296 -49299 -57345 -(57348--57349) -57360 -57377 -(57380--57381) -(57392--57393) -57409 -(57412--57413) -57424 -57426 -57441 -(57444--57445) -(57456--57458) -57473 -(57476--57477) -57488 -57491 -65538 -(65540--65541) -65552 -65570 -(65572--65573) -(65584--65585) -65602 -(65604--65605) -65616 -65618 -65634 -(65636--65637) -(65648--65650) -65666 -(65668--65669) -65680 -65683 -(73729--73730) -(73732--73733) -73744 -(73761--73762) -(73764--73765) -(73776--73777) -(73793--73794) -(73796--73797) -73808 -73810 -(73825--73826) -(73828--73829) -(73840--73842) -(73857--73858) -(73860--73861) -73872 -73875 -(81923--81925) -81936 -(81955--81957) -(81968--81969) -(81987--81989) -82000 -82002 -(82019--82021) -(82032--82034) -(82051--82053) -82064 -82067 -90113 -(90115--90117) -90128 -90145 -(90147--90149) -(90160--90161) -90177 -(90179--90181) -90192 -90194 -90209 -(90211--90213) -(90224--90226) -90241 -(90243--90245) -90256 -90259 -(98306--98309) -98320 -(98338--98341) -(98352--98353) -(98370--98373) -98384 -98386 -(98402--98405) -(98416--98418) -(98434--98437) -98448 -98451 -(106497--106501) -106512 -(106529--106533) -(106544--106545) -(106561--106565) -106576 -106578 -(106593--106597) -(106608--106610) -(106625--106629) -106640 -106643 -114694 -114704 -114726 -(114736--114737) -114758 -114768 -114770 -114790 -(114800--114802) -114822 -114832 -114835 -122881 -122886 -122896 -122913 -122918 -(122928--122929) -122945 -122950 -122960 -122962 -122977 -122982 -(122992--122994) -123009 -123014 -123024 -123027
Fix<y>? yes

Free inodes count wrong for group #0 (7803, counted=7804).
Fix<y>? yes

Free inodes count wrong (130683, counted=130684).
Fix<y>? yes


/dev/sdb2: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
/dev/sdb2: 388/131072 files (22.7% non-contiguous), 206966/524288 blocks

fdisk -l 输出：

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.0 GB, 16012804096 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 15271 cylinders, total 31275008 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005ce93

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1   *        2048    27080703    13539328    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdb2        27080704    31275007     2097152   83  Linux

Answer 1

截断 SD 卡映像后出现同样的问题，其中 SD 比原始文件少几个块。使用 fdisk 重新分区驱动器（见上文），但消息“超级块中的大小与分区的物理大小不同”仍然存在。在这里找到解决方案：http : //www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-hardware-18/size-in-superblock-is-different-from-the-physical-size-of-the-partition-298175/

因此，在未挂载的分区上： e2fsck -f /dev/XXX resize2fs /dev/XXX

Answer 2

我对图像文件也有同样的问题，即没有任何分区表，所以问题出在文件系统本身之内。我只需对resize2fs图像文件执行 a 即可修复它。

Answer 3

由于我找不到任何其他解决方案，因此我重新格式化了 EXT4 分区。这消除了严重的几何误差。希望我知道为什么。