什么是普通文件？

Question

$ rm foobar
rm: remove regular file `foobar'?

文件“常规”是什么意思，为什么rm将这样的文件视为特殊情况？

Answer 1

测试命令

任何通过测试 ( -f) 的文件都是常规文件：

$ test -f afile.zip && echo regular
regular

如果您浏览手册页，test您将看到所有不同类型的文件。

统计命令

您还可以使用以下stat命令检查文件是否正常：

$ stat afile.zip 
  File: `afile.zip'
  Size: 1512        Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: fd02h/64770d    Inode: 10370668    Links: 1
Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--)  Uid: (  500/    saml)   Gid: (  501/    saml)
Access: 2013-11-07 15:52:06.719632792 -0500
Modify: 2013-11-07 15:52:00.949760104 -0500
Change: 2013-11-07 15:52:00.949760104 -0500

stat() 函数

要了解有关常规文件和其他可能类型之间的区别的更多信息，请查看stat. 请务必查看程序员手册的手册页，而不是实际stat命令的手册页。

$ man 2 stat

本节特别显示了各种类型的文件：

   The following flags are defined for the st_mode field:

       S_IFMT     0170000   bit mask for the file type bit fields
       S_IFSOCK   0140000   socket
       S_IFLNK    0120000   symbolic link
       S_IFREG    0100000   regular file
       S_IFBLK    0060000   block device
       S_IFDIR    0040000   directory
       S_IFCHR    0020000   character device
       S_IFIFO    0010000   FIFO
       S_ISUID    0004000   set UID bit
       S_ISGID    0002000   set-group-ID bit (see below)
       S_ISVTX    0001000   sticky bit (see below)
       S_IRWXU    00700     mask for file owner permissions
       S_IRUSR    00400     owner has read permission
       S_IWUSR    00200     owner has write permission
       S_IXUSR    00100     owner has execute permission
       S_IRWXG    00070     mask for group permissions
       S_IRGRP    00040     group has read permission
       S_IWGRP    00020     group has write permission
       S_IXGRP    00010     group has execute permission
       S_IRWXO    00007     mask for permissions for others (not in group)
       S_IROTH    00004     others have read permission
       S_IWOTH    00002     others have write permission
       S_IXOTH    00001     others have execute permission

Answer 2

我想rm是一个别名，可能是rm -i。“常规”部分没有特别的含义，它仅表示它不是管道、设备、套接字或任何其他“特殊”的东西。