Apache2 用户目录已启用，但仍然无法访问

Question

我正在尝试在我的 Kubuntu 13.04 笔记本电脑上设置一个 apache 服务器。我已经安装了 apache2 包sudo a2enmod userdir; sudo service apache2 restart，但是当我访问时http://localhost/~user，它仍然显示如下内容：

Forbidden

You don't have permission to access /~user on this server.

Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu) Server at localhost Port 80

的结果 tail /var/log/apache2/access.log

127.0.0.1 - - [02/Aug/2013:16:22:01 +0200] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 498 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Aug/2013:16:22:02 +0200] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 498 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Aug/2013:17:35:30 +0200] "GET /~kaiyin HTTP/1.1" 403 501 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Aug/2013:17:35:30 +0200] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 498 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Aug/2013:17:35:30 +0200] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 498 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Aug/2013:17:36:26 +0200] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 499 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Aug/2013:17:36:26 +0200] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 498 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Aug/2013:21:05:17 +0200] "GET /~kaiyin HTTP/1.1" 403 501 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Aug/2013:21:05:17 +0200] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 498 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [02/Aug/2013:21:05:17 +0200] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 498 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36"

的结果 tail /var/log/apache2/error.log

[Fri Aug 02 21:05:17 2013] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/favicon.ico
[Fri Aug 02 21:05:17 2013] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/favicon.ico
[Fri Aug 02 21:06:54 2013] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/favicon.ico
[Fri Aug 02 21:06:54 2013] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/favicon.ico
[Fri Aug 02 21:06:59 2013] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to /~kaiyin denied
[Fri Aug 02 21:06:59 2013] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/favicon.ico
[Fri Aug 02 21:06:59 2013] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/favicon.ico
[Fri Aug 02 21:07:17 2013] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to /~kaiyin denied
[Fri Aug 02 21:07:17 2013] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/favicon.ico
[Fri Aug 02 21:07:17 2013] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/favicon.ico

Answer 1

这些public_html目录需要具有这样的权限，以便运行 Apache 的用户可以访问它：

$ chmod -R 755 ~/public_html

还是不行？

如果您查看 Apache 错误日志，您可能会看到如下一行：

[Fri Aug 02 21:06:59 2013] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to /~kaiyin denied

这告诉您 Apache 在此示例中无权导航到您的用户目录 (~kaiyin)。

如何解决这个问题？

您需要确保为 Apache 所属的组设置了读取 + 执行位，或者在用户目录中设置了其他读取 + 执行位，以便 Apache 可以访问public_html下面的文件夹。

例子

/home
|-- [drwxr-x---]  /home/sam

/home/sam
|-- [drwxr-xr-x]  /home/sam/public_html

参考

• 如何在 Ubuntu 中创建公共 HTML 文件夹？