解决两个必备包的升级冲突

Question

我正在尝试将我的旧 Debian 服务器从 jessie 更新为 bullseye。sysvinit-utils但我遇到了和都initscripts覆盖的问题/lib/init/vars.sh。

Preparing to unpack .../sysvinit-utils_2.96-7+deb11u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking sysvinit-utils (2.96-7+deb11u1) over (2.88dsf-59) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/sysvinit-utils_2.96-7+deb11u1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/lib/init/vars.sh', which is also in package initscripts 2.88dsf-59
dpkg: considering deconfiguration of sysvinit-utils, which would be broken by installation of util-linux ...
dpkg: no, sysvinit-utils is essential, will not deconfigure
 it in order to enable installation of util-linux
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/util-linux_2.36.1-8+deb11u1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 installing util-linux would break existing software
dpkg: considering deconfiguration of util-linux, which would be broken by installation of login ...
dpkg: no, util-linux is essential, will not deconfigure
 it in order to enable installation of login
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/login_1%3a4.8.1-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 installing login would break existing software
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/sysvinit-utils_2.96-7+deb11u1_amd64.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/util-linux_2.36.1-8+deb11u1_amd64.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/login_1%3a4.8.1-1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

我不知道它们到底是做什么的，我检查了是否可以卸载其中一个，但它们似乎都非常重要：

shylux~ % sudo dpkg -P initscripts
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of initscripts:
 rpcbind depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-13.3).
 util-linux depends on initscripts.
 rsyslog depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-13.3).
 resolvconf depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-34).
 systemd depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-53.2); however:
  Package initscripts is to be removed.
 openvpn depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-13.3).
 procps depends on initscripts.
 nfs-common depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-13.3); however:
  Package initscripts is to be removed.
 ifupdown depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-25).
 keyboard-configuration depends on initscripts.

dpkg: error processing package initscripts (--purge):
 dependency problems - not removing
Errors were encountered while processing:
 initscripts

shylux~ % sudo dpkg -P sysvinit-utils
dpkg: error processing package sysvinit-utils (--purge):
 this is an essential package; it should not be removed
Errors were encountered while processing:
 sysvinit-utils

您对如何解决这个问题有什么建议吗？重新安装整个服务器将需要相当长的时间。

Answer 1

您\xe2\x80\x99尝试在升级时跳过两个版本，这不太可能起作用\xe2\x80\x94即使跳过单个版本也\xe2\x80\x99不能保证起作用。

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鉴于您现在\xe2\x80\x99的情况，您应该先升级到Debian 10，然后再升级到Debian 11。如果直接升级到Debian 10也不起作用，请升级到9，然后10，然后是 11。请务必查看Debian 9、Debian 10和Debian 11的发行说明，它们列出了升级过程中需要注意的事项。

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