从全名中获取名字并使用 awk 或 sed 将其提取到新列

Question

我有很多.csv包含客户信息的文件。FIRSTNAME在所有这些文件中，我想在该列旁边添加一个附加列FULLNAME。名字可以通过抓取第一个单词来生成FULLNAME。

没有像让·保罗这样只有两个字的名字。在最后一列中，字段文本中使用了逗号

输入

COMPANY,FULLNAME,EMAIL,FUNCTION,CITY,INDUSTRY,COMMENT
Company name,Firstname Lastname,firstname.lastname@example.com,Marketing Manager,New York,Health Care,"home, work"
Company name,Firstname infix Lastname,firstname.lastname@example.com,Marketing Manager,New York,Health Care,"home, workhome, work"
Company name,Firstname infix infix2 Lastname,firstname.lastname@example.com,Marketing Manager,New York,Health Care,"home, work"

预期产出

COMPANY,FULLNAME,FIRSTNAME,EMAIL,FUNCTION,CITY,INDUSTRY,COMMENT
Company name,Firstname Lastname,Firstname,firstname.lastname@example.com,Marketing Manager,New York,Health Care,"home, work"
Company name,Firstname infix Lastname,Firstname,firstname.infix.lastname@example.com,Marketing Manager,New York,Health Care,"home, work"
Company name,Firstname infix infix2 Lastname,Firstname,firstname.infix12.lastname@example.com,Marketing Manager,New York,Health Care,"home, work"

如何使用 awk、sed 或其他东西来做到这一点？

Answer 1

使用支持 CSV 的实用程序Miller ( mlr)：

mlr --csv \
    put '$FIRSTNAME = sub($FULLNAME," .*","")' then \
    reorder -f COMPANY,FULLNAME,FIRSTNAME file

...鉴于问题中的数据，结果是

COMPANY,FULLNAME,FIRSTNAME,EMAIL,FUNCTION,CITY,INDUSTRY,COMMENT
Company name,Firstname Lastname,Firstname,firstname.lastname@example.com,Marketing Manager,New York,Health Care,"home, work"
Company name,Firstname infix Lastname,Firstname,firstname.lastname@example.com,Marketing Manager,New York,Health Care,"home, workhome, work"
Company name,Firstname infix infix2 Lastname,Firstname,firstname.lastname@example.com,Marketing Manager,New York,Health Care,"home, work"

Miller 的这种使用首先FIRSTNAME通过基于正则表达式的替换创建一个新字段 ，该替换会删除该FULLNAME字段中第一个空格字符之后的所有内容。

由于新字段最后呈现，因此这些字段将被重新排序，以确保前几个字段按此顺序为COMPANY、FULLNAME、 和。FIRSTNAME其余字段保留其原始顺序。

您可以使用with 的函数来代替put表达式 using ，以空格分割字段的值并选出第一个生成的字符串：sub()putsplitnv()FIRSTNAME

COMPANY,FULLNAME,FIRSTNAME,EMAIL,FUNCTION,CITY,INDUSTRY,COMMENT
Company name,Firstname Lastname,Firstname,firstname.lastname@example.com,Marketing Manager,New York,Health Care,"home, work"
Company name,Firstname infix Lastname,Firstname,firstname.lastname@example.com,Marketing Manager,New York,Health Care,"home, workhome, work"
Company name,Firstname infix infix2 Lastname,Firstname,firstname.lastname@example.com,Marketing Manager,New York,Health Care,"home, work"

为了更漂亮的输出：

mlr --csv \
    put '$FIRSTNAME = splitnv($FULLNAME," ")[1]' then \
    reorder -f COMPANY,FULLNAME,FIRSTNAME file