Linux 认为我的 500GB 硬盘只有 7.9GB

Question

问题：我有一个 500GB 的硬盘，Linux 目前认为只有 7.9GB。具体来说，Linux 认为它是 16514064 个扇区，这是旧的 CHS 限制，所以我假设某个地方已经决定该驱动器不支持 LBA，尽管我不知道为什么驱动器曾经工作正常，而且我还有另一个 500GB 驱动器在同一台正在工作的机器上使用完全相同的型号。

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lsblk:

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$ lsblk\nNAME                                               MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT\nsda                                                  8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk  \n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80md127                                              9:127  0 465.6G  0 raid1 \n  \xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80hddraid                                        253:10   0 465.6G  0 crypt \n  \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80md127p1                                        259:5    0 265.9G  0 part  \nsdb                                                  8:16   0   7.9G  0 disk  \n...other drives\n

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sudo dmesg | grep 'sd[ab]':

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$ sudo dmesg | grep 'sd[ab]'\n[   25.677445] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 976773168 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/466 GiB)\n[   25.677459] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Drive-managed SMR disk\n[   25.677461] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off\n[   25.677464] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] 16514064 512-byte logical blocks: (8.46 GB/7.87 GiB)\n[   25.677465] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00\n[   25.677479] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off\n[   25.677481] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00\n[   25.677485] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA\n[   25.677503] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA\n[   25.810898] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk\n[   27.303158] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk\n[   27.340355] md: sdb does not have a valid v1.2 superblock, not importing!\n

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sudo hdparm -N /dev/sda /dev/sdb:

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$ sudo hdparm -N /dev/sda /dev/sdb\n\n/dev/sda:\n max sectors   = 976773168/976773168, HPA is disabled\n\n/dev/sdb:\nSG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]:  70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 04 51 40 01 21 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00\n max sectors   = 1610577834/1(1?), HPA setting seems invalid (buggy kernel device driver?)\n

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sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda /dev/sdb:

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$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda /dev/sdb\n\n/dev/sda:\n\nATA device, with non-removable media\n        Model Number:       TOSHIBA MQ01ABF050                      \n        Serial Number:      53VACGYLT\n        Firmware Revision:  AM003M  \n        Transport:          Serial, ATA8-AST, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6\nStandards:\n        Supported: 8 7 6 5 \n        Likely used: 8\nConfiguration:\n        Logical         max     current\n        cylinders       16383   16383\n        heads           16      16\n        sectors/track   63      63\n        --\n        CHS current addressable sectors:    16514064\n        LBA    user addressable sectors:   268435455\n        LBA48  user addressable sectors:   976773168\n        Logical  Sector size:                   512 bytes\n        Physical Sector size:                   512 bytes\n        device size with M = 1024*1024:      476940 MBytes\n        device size with M = 1000*1000:      500107 MBytes (500 GB)\n        cache/buffer size  = 8192 KBytes\n        Form Factor: 2.5 inch\n        Nominal Media Rotation Rate: 5400\nCapabilities:\n        LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)\n        Queue depth: 32\n        Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum\n        R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16  Current = 16\n        Advanced power management level: 127\n        DMA: sdma0 sdma1 sdma2 mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 *udma5 \n             Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns\n        PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 \n             Cycle time: no flow control=120ns  IORDY flow control=120ns\nCommands/features:\n        Enabled Supported:\n           *    SMART feature set\n                Security Mode feature set\n           *    Power Management feature set\n           *    Write cache\n           *    Look-ahead\n           *    Host Protected Area feature set\n           *    WRITE_BUFFER command\n           *    READ_BUFFER command\n           *    NOP cmd\n           *    DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE\n           *    Advanced Power Management feature set\n                SET_MAX security extension\n           *    48-bit Address feature set\n           *    Device Configuration Overlay feature set\n           *    Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE\n           *    FLUSH_CACHE_EXT\n           *    SMART error logging\n           *    SMART self-test\n           *    General Purpose Logging feature set\n           *    WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT\n           *    64-bit World wide name\n           *    IDLE_IMMEDIATE with UNLOAD\n           *    WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command\n           *    {READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands\n           *    Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE\n           *    Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)\n           *    Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)\n           *    Native Command Queueing (NCQ)\n           *    Host-initiated interface power management\n           *    Phy event counters\n           *    Idle-Unload when NCQ is active\n           *    DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization\n                Device-initiated interface power management\n           *    Software settings preservation\n           *    SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set\n           *    SCT Write Same (AC2)\n           *    SCT Error Recovery Control (AC3)\n           *    SCT Features Control (AC4)\n           *    SCT Data Tables (AC5)\nSecurity: \n        Master password revision code = 65534\n                supported\n        not     enabled\n        not     locked\n                frozen\n        not     expired: security count\n                supported: enhanced erase\n        110min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 110min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.\nLogical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 50000394c378ce7b\n        NAA             : 5\n        IEEE OUI        : 000039\n        Unique ID       : 4c378ce7b\nChecksum: correct\n\n/dev/sdb:\n\nATA device, with non-removable media\n        Model Number:       @\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbdA\xef\xbf\xbdT+QAJEJS       G\xef\xbf\xbd A    q"s\xef\xbf\xbdt\xef\xbf\xbd2Q.T\xef\xbf\xbd5" s \n        Serial Number:      53VFWB9TT\n        Firmware Revision:  AJp"1\xef\xbf\xbd`\xef\xbf\xbd\n        Media Serial Num:   \xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\n        Media Manufacturer: \xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\nStandards:\n        Used: unknown (minor revision code 0xf5ab) \n        Supported: 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 5 \n        Likely used: 14\nConfiguration:\n        Logical         max     current\n        cylinders       16383   0\n        heads           16      0\n        sectors/track   63      0\n        --\n        Logical  Sector size:                   512 bytes\n        Physical Sector size:                   512 bytes\n        device size with M = 1024*1024:        8063 MBytes\n        device size with M = 1000*1000:        8455 MBytes (8 GB)\n        cache/buffer size  = 8192 KBytes\n        Form Factor: 2.5 inch\n        Nominal Media Rotation Rate: 5400\nCapabilities:\n        IORDY(may be)(can be disabled)\n        Queue depth: 32\n        Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum\n        R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 234 Current = 2\n        Advanced power management level: 127\n        Recommended acoustic management value: 125, current value: 170\n        DMA: sdma0 sdma1 sdma2 mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 (?)\n             Cycle time: min=32699ns recommended=32682ns\n        PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 pio5 pio6 pio7 pio8 \n             Cycle time: no flow control=62907ns  IORDY flow control=24058ns\nCommands/features:\n        Enabled Supported:\n           *    Security Mode feature set\n           *    Power Management feature set\n           *    Write cache\n           *    SERVICE interrupt\n           *    DEVICE_RESET command\n           *    Host Protected Area feature set\n                WRITE_VERIFY command\n           *    WRITE_BUFFER command\n                READ_BUFFER command\n           *    NOP cmd\n           *    Advanced Power Management feature set\n                Removable Media Status Notification feature set\n           *    Power-Up In Standby feature set\n           *    SET_FEATURES required to spinup after power up\n           *    Address Offset Reserved Area Boot\n           *    SET_MAX security extension\n           *    48-bit Address feature set\n           *    Device Configuration Overlay feature set\n           *    Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE\n           *    FLUSH_CACHE_EXT\n           *    SMART self-test\n           *    Media Card Pass Through Command feature set\n           *    General Purpose Logging feature set\n           *    WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT\n           *    WRITE_DMA_QUEUED_FUA_EXT\n           *    64-bit World wide name\n                URG for READ_STREAM[_DMA]_EXT\n           *    URG for WRITE_STREAM[_DMA]_EXT\n           *    Time Limited Commands (TLC) feature set\n           *    Command Completion Time Limit (CCTL)\n                (301220 msec for TLC completion timer)\n           *    Disable Data Transfer After Error Detection\n           *    Write-Read-Verify feature set\n           *    WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command\n           *    {READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands\n           *    Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE\n           *    Free-fall Control feature set\n           *    unknown 119[7]\n           *    unknown 119[8]\n           *    unknown 119[9]\n           *    unknown 119[10]\n           *    unknown 119[12]\n           *    unknown 76[0]\n           *    Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)\n           *    Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)\n           *    Gen3 signaling speed (6.0Gb/s)\n           *    unknown 76[5]\n           *    unknown 76[7]\n           *    Native Command Queueing (NCQ)\n           *    Phy event counters\n           *    Idle-Unload when NCQ is active\n           *    NCQ priority information\n           *    Host automatic Partial to Slumber transitions\n           *    Device automatic Partial to Slumber transitions\n                unknown 78[0]\n           *    Non-Zero buffer offsets in DMA Setup FIS\n                Device-initiated interface power management\n           *    Asynchronous notification (eg. media change)\n           *    unknown 78[7]\n           *    Device Sleep (DEVSLP)\n                unknown 78[9]\n           *    unknown 78[10]\n                unknown 78[11]\n           *    unknown 78[12]\n                unknown 78[13]\n           *    unknown 78[14]\n           *    SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set\n           *    SCT Read/Write Long (AC1), obsolete\n           *    SCT Write Same (AC2)\n           *    SCT Error Recovery Control (AC3)\n           *    SCT Features Control (AC4)\n           *    SCT Data Tables (AC5)\n                unknown 206[6]\n                unknown 206[7]\n                unknown 206[8]\n                unknown 206[9]\n                unknown 206[10]\n                unknown 206[11]\n                unknown 206[12] (vendor specific)\n                unknown 206[13] (vendor specific)\n                unknown 206[14] (vendor specific)\n                unknown 206[15] (vendor specific)\n           *    reserved 69[1]\n           *    Extended number of user addressable sectors \n           *    Device encrypts all user data\n           *    Optional ATA device 28-bit commands\n           *    IEEE 1667 authentication of transient storage devices\n           *    DOWNLOAD MICROCODE DMA command\n           *    SET MAX SETPASSWORD/UNLOCK DMA commands\n           *    WRITE BUFFER DMA command\n           *    DEVICE CONFIGURATION SET/IDENTIFY DMA commands\nSecurity: \n        Master password revision code = 65534\n                supported\n        not     enabled\n        not     locked\n                frozen\n        not     expired: security count\n                supported: enhanced erase\n        112min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 112min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.\nLogical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 50000394c4b8c204\n        NAA             : 5\n        IEEE OUI        : 000039\n        Unique ID       : 4c4b8c204\nChecksum: correct\n

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上下文，可能重要也可能不重要：我在 RAID 1 md 阵列中有两个相同的 500GB 硬盘，使用原始设备。我在 Debian Buster 上设置了 RAID 阵列，并成功使用了几年。我已经完成了 Debian Bullseye 的全新安装。在全新安装 Debian Bullseye 后，我有一段时间没有使用 RAID 阵列，自从安装 Debian Bullseye 后第一次使用它，它无法组装，毫不奇怪，因为其中一个驱动器是错误的尺寸。

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Answer 1

每当你看到这样的事情时：

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/dev/sdb:\n SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]:  70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 04 51 40 01 21 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00\n max sectors   = 1610577834/1(1?), HPA setting seems invalid (buggy kernel device driver?)\n

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和：

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ATA device, with non-removable media\n    Model Number:       @\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbdA\xef\xbf\xbdT+QAJEJS       G\xef\xbf\xbd A    q"s\xef\xbf\xbdt\xef\xbf\xbd2Q.T\xef\xbf\xbd5" s \n    Serial Number:      53VFWB9TT\n    Firmware Revision:  AJp"1\xef\xbf\xbd`\xef\xbf\xbd\n    Media Serial Num:   \xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\n    Media Manufacturer: \xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\xef\xbf\xbd\n

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为硬件故障做好准备。

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说明您已拔掉并插入另一台计算机（这是消除部件（即您的计算机）的好方法，但如果故障设备是导致其他设备因短路而发生故障的设备，这也是一种加剧问题的方法/等）并再次重新插入您自己的计算机，一切似乎“正常”，这是连接/电缆不良的典型迹象，即。

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• 电缆故障
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• 插头松动
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• 弯曲/直电缆不连接并且拉直/弯曲后连接
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• ETC。
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