awk 打印前的文本处理

Question

我不喜欢编写脚本，但在这个论坛的帮助下设法创建了一些脚本。遇到问题但无法使其工作（不确定是否可能）

我有一个包含内容的 fileY

lrwxrwxrwx  1  user1 gp  35  2021-09-07  2000  /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/subfolder3/main/summary.txt
lrwxrwxrwx  1  user1 gp  35  2021-09-08  1400  /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/main/summary.txt
lrwxrwxrwx  1  user1 gp  35  2021-09-09  1800  /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/subfolder3/subfolder4/main/summary.txt

我想输出第 3,6,7,8 列并与“main”之前的文件夹名称连接，如下所示

user1 2021-09-07  2000  /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/subfolder3/main/summary.txt subfolder3
user1 2021-09-08  1400  /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/main/summary.txt subfolder2
user1 2021-09-09  1800  /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/subfolder3/subfolder4/main/summary.txt subfolder4

我如何将下面的sed命令作为 awk 命令的 {print} 变量之一？

awk '{print $3,$6,$7,$8}' fileY
sed 's/\// /g; s/\./ /g' fileY | awk '{for(i=8;i<=NF;i++){if($i~/^main/){a=i}} print $(a-1)}'

Answer 1

当您使用 awk 时，您永远不需要 sed。如果您想要的目录始终是路径中的第三个，如您的示例所示，那么您所需要的就是使用任何 awk：

$ awk '{print $3, $6, $7, $8, p[split($8,p,"/")-2]}' file
user1 2021-09-07 2000 /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/subfolder3/main/summary.txt subfolder3
user1 2021-09-08 1400 /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/main/summary.txt subfolder2
user1 2021-09-09 1800 /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/subfolder3/subfolder4/main/summary.txt subfolder4

否则使用 GNU awk 将第三个参数用于 match()：

$ awk '{match($8,"([^/]+)/main/",a); print $3, $6, $7, $8, a[1]}' file
user1 2021-09-07 2000 /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/subfolder3/main/summary.txt subfolder3
user1 2021-09-08 1400 /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/main/summary.txt subfolder2
user1 2021-09-09 1800 /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/subfolder3/subfolder4/main/summary.txt subfolder4

或使用任何 awk：

$ awk '{match($8,"[^/]+/main/"); print $3, $6, $7, $8, substr($8,RSTART,RLENGTH-6)}' file
user1 2021-09-07 2000 /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/subfolder3/main/summary.txt subfolder3
user1 2021-09-08 1400 /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/main/summary.txt subfolder2
user1 2021-09-09 1800 /folder/subfolder1/subfolder2/subfolder3/subfolder4/main/summary.txt subfolder4