如何评估 NVMe SSD 的磨损程度？

Question

我有一台配备 NVMe SSD 的笔记本电脑：

# nvme list

Node             SN                   Model                                    Namespace Usage                      Format           FW Rev  
---------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------- -------------------------- ---------------- --------
/dev/nvme0n1     <-CENSORED->         KXG50ZNV512G NVMe TOSHIBA 512GB          1         512.11  GB / 512.11  GB    512   B +  0 B   AADA4107

---

除了写入的约22 TB之外，SMART 不会告诉我通常的原始值。

# smartctl -a /dev/nvme0n1

smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-74-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Number:                       KXG50ZNV512G NVMe TOSHIBA 512GB
Serial Number:                      <-CENSORED->
Firmware Version:                   AADA4107
PCI Vendor/Subsystem ID:            0x1179
IEEE OUI Identifier:                0x00080d
Total NVM Capacity:                 512,110,190,592 [512 GB]
Unallocated NVM Capacity:           0
Controller ID:                      0
Number of Namespaces:               1
Namespace 1 Size/Capacity:          512,110,190,592 [512 GB]
Namespace 1 Formatted LBA Size:     512
Namespace 1 IEEE EUI-64:            00080d 0500023e1d
Local Time is:                      Thu Jun  3 14:12:35 2021 CEST
Firmware Updates (0x14):            2 Slots, no Reset required
Optional Admin Commands (0x0017):   Security Format Frmw_DL Self_Test
Optional NVM Commands (0x005f):     Comp Wr_Unc DS_Mngmt Wr_Zero Sav/Sel_Feat Timestmp
Maximum Data Transfer Size:         512 Pages
Warning  Comp. Temp. Threshold:     78 Celsius
Critical Comp. Temp. Threshold:     82 Celsius
Namespace 1 Features (0x02):        NA_Fields

Supported Power States
St Op     Max   Active     Idle   RL RT WL WT  Ent_Lat  Ex_Lat
 0 +     6.00W       -        -    0  0  0  0        0       0
 1 +     2.40W       -        -    1  1  1  1        0       0
 2 +     1.90W       -        -    2  2  2  2        0       0
 3 -   0.0500W       -        -    3  3  3  3     1500    1500
 4 -   0.0030W       -        -    4  4  4  4    50000   80000

Supported LBA Sizes (NSID 0x1)
Id Fmt  Data  Metadt  Rel_Perf
 0 +     512       0         2
 1 -    4096       0         1

=== START OF SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

SMART/Health Information (NVMe Log 0x02)
Critical Warning:                   0x00
Temperature:                        35 Celsius
Available Spare:                    100%
Available Spare Threshold:          10%
Percentage Used:                    9%
Data Units Read:                    63,196,994 [32.3 TB]
Data Units Written:                 43,370,182 [22.2 TB]
Host Read Commands:                 549,038,974
Host Write Commands:                420,271,939
Controller Busy Time:               2,885
Power Cycles:                       2,160
Power On Hours:                     17,684
Unsafe Shutdowns:                   211
Media and Data Integrity Errors:    0
Error Information Log Entries:      0
Warning  Comp. Temperature Time:    0
Critical Comp. Temperature Time:    0
Temperature Sensor 1:               35 Celsius

Error Information (NVMe Log 0x01, max 128 entries)
No Errors Logged

---

另外，我刚刚看了：

# nvme error-log /dev/nvme0n1

它仅包含以下条目中的 64 个：

.................
error_count  : 0
sqid         : 0
cmdid        : 0
status_field : 0(SUCCESS: The command completed successfully)
parm_err_loc : 0
lba          : 0
nsid         : 0
vs           : 0
cs           : 0
.................

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问：是否可以评估我的 SSD 的磨损程度？也许通过可用的备用标签？

Answer 1

磨损级别由“已使用百分比”字段给出，指定为

Percentage Used：包含根据实际使用情况和制造商对 NVM 寿命的预测，对所使用的 NVM 子系统寿命百分比的供应商特定估计。值为 100 表示 NVM 子系统中 NVM 的估计耐久性已消耗，但可能不表示 NVM 子系统故障。该值允许超过 100。大于 254 的百分比应表示为 255。该值应每上电小时更新一次（当控制器未处于休眠状态时）。