那些遇到过的问题

过滤无效的 utf8

Gil*_*il' 58 command-line character-encoding text-processing unicode

我有一个未知或混合编码的文本文件。我想查看包含无效 UTF-8 字节序列的行（通过将文本文件传输到某个程序中）。同样，我想过滤掉有效的 UTF-8 行。换句话说，我正在寻找.grep [notutf8]

理想的解决方案是可移植、简短且可推广到其他编码，但如果您觉得最好的方法是加入UTF-8的定义，请继续。

vin*_*c17 45

如果你想使用grep，你可以这样做：

grep -axv '.*' file
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在 UTF-8 语言环境中获取至少具有无效 UTF-8 序列的行（这至少适用于 GNU Grep）。

fra*_*ous 36

我想你可能想要iconv。它用于在代码集之间转换并支持大量的格式。例如，要删除在 UTF-8 中无效的任何内容，您可以使用：

iconv -c -t UTF-8 < input.txt > output.txt

如果没有 -c 选项，它会报告转换为 stderr 的问题，因此您可以根据流程方向保存这些列表。另一种方法是剥离非 UTF8 的东西，然后

diff input.txt output.txt

获取更改位置的列表。

  • 随机注意：输入和输出可能不是同一个文件，否则你最终会得到一个空文件 (3认同)

Pet*_*r.O 22

编辑：我在正则表达式中修复了一个错字错误。它需要一个 '\x80` 而不是\80。

过滤无效UTF-8形式的正则表达式，严格遵守UTF-8，如下 

perl -l -ne '/
 ^( ([\x00-\x7F])              # 1-byte pattern
   |([\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF])   # 2-byte pattern
   |((([\xE0][\xA0-\xBF])|([\xED][\x80-\x9F])|([\xE1-\xEC\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF]))([\x80-\xBF])) # 3-byte pattern
   |((([\xF0][\x90-\xBF])|([\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF])|([\xF4][\x80-\x8F]))([\x80-\xBF]{2}))       # 4-byte pattern
  )*$ /x or print'
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输出（关键行。来自测试 1）：

Codepoint
=========  
00001000  Test=1 mode=strict               valid,invalid,fail=(1000,0,0)          
0000E000  Test=1 mode=strict               valid,invalid,fail=(D800,800,0)          
0010FFFF  mode=strict  test-return=(0,0)   valid,invalid,fail=(10F800,800,0)
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问：如何创建测试数据来测试过滤无效 Unicode 的正则表达式？
A. 创建你自己的 UTF-8 测试算法，并打破它的规则...
Catch-22..但是，你如何测试你的测试算法？

上面的正则表达式已经iconv针对从0x00000到0x10FFFF. 的每个整数值进行了测试（用作参考）。这个上限值是Unicode 代码点的最大整数值

根据这个维基百科 UTF-8页面，。

  • UTF-8 使用一到四个 8 位字节对 Unicode 字符集中的 1,112,064 个代码点中的每一个进行编码

此numeber（1112064）等同于范围0x000000于0x10F7FF，其为0x0800害羞对于最高的Unicode代码点的实际最大整数值的：0x10FFFF

这个整数的块从Unicode代码点谱丢失，因为需要为UTF-16编码，超出其最初的设计意图的步骤通过一个名为系统代理对。一个0x0800整数块已被保留以供 UTF-16 使用。该块跨越的范围0x00D800为0x00DFFF。这些字节都不是合法的 Unicode 值，因此是无效的 UTF-8 值。

在测试 1 中，regex已经针对 Unicode 代码点范围内的每个数字进行了测试，并且它完全匹配iconv ..的结果，即。0x010F7FF有效值，0x000800无效值。

但是，现在出现的问题是，*正则表达式如何处理超出范围的 UTF-8 值；以上0x010FFFF（UTF-8 可以扩展到 6 个字节，最大整数值为0x7FFFFFFF？
为了生成必要的 *非 unicode UTF-8 字节值，我使用了以下命令： 

  perl -C -e 'print chr 0x'$hexUTF32BE
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为了测试它们的有效性（以某种方式），我使用了Gilles'UTF-8 正则表达式... 

  perl -l -ne '/
   ^( [\000-\177]                 # 1-byte pattern
     |[\300-\337][\200-\277]      # 2-byte pattern
     |[\340-\357][\200-\277]{2}   # 3-byte pattern
     |[\360-\367][\200-\277]{3}   # 4-byte pattern
     |[\370-\373][\200-\277]{4}   # 5-byte pattern
     |[\374-\375][\200-\277]{5}   # 6-byte pattern
    )*$ /x or print'
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'perl's print chr' 的输出与 Gilles' regex 的过滤匹配.. 一个加强了另一个的有效性.. 我不能使用，iconv因为它只处理更广泛（原始）UTF-8 的有效 Unicode 标准子集标准...

涉及的数字相当大，所以我测试了范围的顶部，范围的底部，以及按增量步进的几次扫描，例如，11111、13579、33333、53441...结果都匹配，所以现在剩下的就是针对这些超出范围的 UTF-8 样式值测试正则表达式（对 Unicode 无效，因此对严格的 UTF-8 本身也无效）..

以下是测试模块： 

[[ "$(locale charmap)" != "UTF-8" ]] && { echo "ERROR: locale must be UTF-8, but it is $(locale charmap)"; exit 1; }

# Testing the UTF-8 regex
#
# Tests to check that the observed byte-ranges (above) have
#  been  accurately observed and included in the test code and final regex. 
# =========================================================================
: 2 bytes; B2=0 #  run-test=1   do-not-test=0
: 3 bytes; B3=0 #  run-test=1   do-not-test=0
: 4 bytes; B4=0 #  run-test=1   do-not-test=0 

:   regex; Rx=1 #  run-test=1   do-not-test=0

           ((strict=16)); mode[$strict]=strict # iconv -f UTF-16BE  then iconv -f UTF-32BE beyond 0xFFFF)
           ((   lax=32)); mode[$lax]=lax       # iconv -f UTF-32BE  only)

          # modebits=$strict
                  # UTF-8, in relation to UTF-16 has invalid values
                  # modebits=$strict automatically shifts to modebits=$lax
                  # when the tested integer exceeds 0xFFFF
          # modebits=$lax 
                  # UTF-8, in relation to UTF-32, has no restrictione


           # Test 1 Sequentially tests a range of Big-Endian integers
           #      * Unicode Codepoints are a subset ofBig-Endian integers            
           #        ( based on 'iconv' -f UTF-32BE -f UTF-8 )    
           # Note: strict UTF-8 has a few quirks because of UTF-16
                    #    Set modebits=16 to "strictly" test the low range

             Test=1; modebits=$strict
           # Test=2; modebits=$lax
           # Test=3
              mode3wlo=$(( 1*4)) # minimum chars * 4 ( '4' is for UTF-32BE )
              mode3whi=$((10*4)) # minimum chars * 4 ( '4' is for UTF-32BE )


#########################################################################  

# 1 byte  UTF-8 values: Nothing to do; no complexities.

#########################################################################

#  2 Byte  UTF-8 values:  Verifying that I've got the right range values.
if ((B2==1)) ; then  
  echo "# Test 2 bytes for Valid UTF-8 values: ie. values which are in range"
  # =========================================================================
  time \
  for d1 in {194..223} ;do
      #     bin       oct  hex  dec
      # lo  11000010  302   C2  194
      # hi  11011111  337   DF  223
      B2b1=$(printf "%0.2X" $d1)
      #
      for d2 in {128..191} ;do
          #     bin       oct  hex  dec
          # lo  10000000  200   80  128
          # hi  10111111  277   BF  191
          B2b2=$(printf "%0.2X" $d2)
          #
          echo -n "${B2b1}${B2b2}" |
            xxd -p -u -r  |
              iconv -f UTF-8 >/dev/null || { 
                echo "ERROR: Invalid UTF-8 found: ${B2b1}${B2b2}"; exit 20; }
          #
      done
  done
  echo

  # Now do a negated test.. This takes longer, because there are more values.
  echo "# Test 2 bytes for Invalid values: ie. values which are out of range"
  # =========================================================================
  # Note: 'iconv' will treat a leading  \x00-\x7F as a valid leading single,
  #   so this negated test primes the first UTF-8 byte with values starting at \x80
  time \
  for d1 in {128..193} {224..255} ;do 
 #for d1 in {128..194} {224..255} ;do # force a valid UTF-8 (needs $B2b2) 
      B2b1=$(printf "%0.2X" $d1)
      #
      for d2 in {0..127} {192..255} ;do
     #for d2 in {0..128} {192..255} ;do # force a valid UTF-8 (needs $B2b1)
          B2b2=$(printf "%0.2X" $d2)
          #
          echo -n "${B2b1}${B2b2}" |
            xxd -p -u -r |
              iconv -f UTF-8 2>/dev/null && { 
                echo "ERROR: VALID UTF-8 found: ${B2b1}${B2b2}"; exit 21; }
          #
      done
  done
  echo
fi

#########################################################################

#  3 Byte  UTF-8 values:  Verifying that I've got the right range values.
if ((B3==1)) ; then  
  echo "# Test 3 bytes for Valid UTF-8 values: ie. values which are in range"
  # ========================================================================
  time \
  for d1 in {224..239} ;do
      #     bin       oct  hex  dec
      # lo  11100000  340   E0  224
      # hi  11101111  357   EF  239
      B3b1=$(printf "%0.2X" $d1)
      #
      if   [[ $B3b1 == "E0" ]] ; then
          B3b2range="$(echo {160..191})"
          #     bin       oct  hex  dec  
          # lo  10100000  240   A0  160  
          # hi  10111111  277   BF  191
      elif [[ $B3b1 == "ED" ]] ; then
          B3b2range="$(echo {128..159})"
          #     bin       oct  hex  dec  
          # lo  10000000  200   80  128  
          # hi  10011111  237   9F  159
      else
          B3b2range="$(echo {128..191})"
          #     bin       oct  hex  dec
          # lo  10000000  200   80  128
          # hi  10111111  277   BF  191
      fi
      # 
      for d2 in $B3b2range ;do
          B3b2=$(printf "%0.2X" $d2)
          echo "${B3b1} ${B3b2} xx"
          #
          for d3 in {128..191} ;do
              #     bin       oct  hex  dec
              # lo  10000000  200   80  128
              # hi  10111111  277   BF  191
              B3b3=$(printf "%0.2X" $d3)
              #
              echo -n "${B3b1}${B3b2}${B3b3}" |
                xxd -p -u -r  |
                  iconv -f UTF-8 >/dev/null || { 
                    echo "ERROR: Invalid UTF-8 found: ${B3b1}${B3b2}${B3b3}"; exit 30; }
              #
          done
      done
  done
  echo

  # Now do a negated test.. This takes longer, because there are more values.
  echo "# Test 3 bytes for Invalid values: ie. values which are out of range"
  # =========================================================================
  # Note: 'iconv' will treat a leading  \x00-\x7F as a valid leading single,
  #   so this negated test primes the first UTF-8 byte with values starting at \x80
  #
  # real     26m28.462s \ 
  # user     27m12.526s  | stepping by 2
  # sys      13m11.193s /
  #
  # real    239m00.836s \
  # user    225m11.108s  | stepping by 1
  # sys     120m00.538s /
  #
  time \
  for d1 in {128..223..1} {240..255..1} ;do 
 #for d1 in {128..224..1} {239..255..1} ;do # force a valid UTF-8 (needs $B2b2,$B3b3) 
      B3b1=$(printf "%0.2X" $d1)
      #
      if   [[ $B3b1 == "E0" ]] ; then
          B3b2range="$(echo {0..159..1} {192..255..1})"
         #B3b2range="$(> {192..255..1})" # force a valid UTF-8 (needs $B3b1,$B3b3)
      elif [[ $B3b1 == "ED" ]] ; then
          B3b2range="$(echo {0..127..1} {160..255..1})"
         #B3b2range="$(echo {0..128..1} {160..255..1})" # force a valid UTF-8 (needs $B3b1,$B3b3)
      else
          B3b2range="$(echo {0..127..1} {192..255..1})"
         #B3b2range="$(echo {0..128..1} {192..255..1})" # force a valid UTF-8 (needs $B3b1,$B3b3)
      fi
      for d2 in $B3b2range ;do
          B3b2=$(printf "%0.2X" $d2)
          echo "${B3b1} ${B3b2} xx"
          #
          for d3 in {0..127..1} {192..255..1} ;do
         #for d3 in {0..128..1} {192..255..1} ;do # force a valid UTF-8 (needs $B2b1)
              B3b3=$(printf "%0.2X" $d3)
              #
              echo -n "${B3b1}${B3b2}${B3b3}" |
                xxd -p -u -r |
                  iconv -f UTF-8 2>/dev/null && { 
                    echo "ERROR: VALID UTF-8 found: ${B3b1}${B3b2}${B3b3}"; exit 31; }
              #
          done
      done
  done
  echo

fi

#########################################################################

#  Brute force testing in the Astral Plane will take a VERY LONG time..
#  Perhaps selective testing is more appropriate, now that the previous tests 
#     have panned out okay... 
#  
#  4 Byte  UTF-8 values:
if ((B4==1)) ; then  
  echo "# Test 4 bytes for Valid UTF-8 values: ie. values which are in range"
  # ==================================================================
  # real    58m18.531s \
  # user    56m44.317s  | 
  # sys     27m29.867s /
  time \
  for d1 in {240..244} ;do
      #     bin       oct  hex  dec
      # lo  11110000  360   F0  240
      # hi  11110100  364   F4  244  -- F4 encodes some values greater than 0x10FFFF;
      #                                    such a sequence is invalid.
      B4b1=$(printf "%0.2X" $d1)
      #
      if   [[ $B4b1 == "F0" ]] ; then
        B4b2range="$(echo {144..191})" ## f0 90 80 80  to  f0 bf bf bf
        #     bin       oct  hex  dec          010000  --  03FFFF 
        # lo  10010000  220   90  144  
        # hi  10111111  277   BF  191
        #                            
      elif [[ $B4b1 == "F4" ]] ; then
        B4b2range="$(echo {128..143})" ## f4 80 80 80  to  f4 8f bf bf
        #     bin       oct  hex  dec          100000  --  10FFFF 
        # lo  10000000  200   80  128  
        # hi  10001111  217   8F  143  -- F4 encodes some values greater than 0x10FFFF;
        #                                    such a sequence is invalid.
      else
        B4b2range="$(echo {128..191})" ## fx 80 80 80  to  f3 bf bf bf
        #     bin       oct  hex  dec          0C0000  --  0FFFFF
        # lo  10000000  200   80  128          0A0000
        # hi  10111111  277   BF  191
      fi
      #
      for d2 in $B4b2range ;do
          B4b2=$(printf "%0.2X" $d2)
          #
          for d3 in {128..191} ;do
              #     bin       oct  hex  dec
              # lo  10000000  200   80  128
              # hi  10111111  277   BF  191
              B4b3=$(printf "%0.2X" $d3)
              echo "${B4b1} ${B4b2} ${B4b3} xx"
              #
              for d4 in {128..191} ;do
                  #     bin       oct  hex  dec
                  # lo  10000000  200   80  128
                  # hi  10111111  277   BF  191
                  B4b4=$(printf "%0.2X" $d4)
                  #
                  echo -n "${B4b1}${B4b2}${B4b3}${B4b4}" |
                    xxd -p -u -r  |
                      iconv -f UTF-8 >/dev/null || { 
                        echo "ERROR: Invalid UTF-8 found: ${B4b1}${B4b2}${B4b3}${B4b4}"; exit 40; }
                  #
              done
          done
      done
  done
  echo "# Test 4 bytes for Valid UTF-8 values: END"
  echo
fi

########################################################################
# There is no test (yet) for negated range values in the astral plane. #  
#                           (all negated range values must be invalid) #
#  I won't bother; This was mainly for me to ge the general feel of    #     
#   the tests, and the final test below should flush anything out..    #
# Traversing the intire UTF-8 range takes quite a while...             #
#   so no need to do it twice (albeit in a slightly different manner)  #
########################################################################

################################
### The construction of:    ####
###  The Regular Expression ####
###      (de-construction?) ####
################################

#     BYTE 1                BYTE 2       BYTE 3      BYTE 4 
# 1: [\x00-\x7F]
#    ===========
#    ([\x00-\x7F])
#
# 2: [\xC2-\xDF]           [\x80-\xBF]
#    =================================
#    ([\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF])
# 
# 3: [\xE0]                [\xA0-\xBF]  [\x80-\xBF]   
#    [\xED]                [\x80-\x9F]  [\x80-\xBF]
#    [\xE1-\xEC\xEE-\xEF]  [\x80-\xBF]  [\x80-\xBF]
#    ==============================================
#    ((([\xE0][\xA0-\xBF])|([\xED][\x80-\x9F])|([\xE1-\xEC\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF]))([\x80-\xBF]))
#
# 4  [\xF0]                [\x90-\xBF]  [\x80-\xBF]  [\x80-\xBF]    
#    [\xF1-\xF3]           [\x80-\xBF]  [\x80-\xBF]  [\x80-\xBF]
#    [\xF4]                [\x80-\x8F]  [\x80-\xBF]  [\x80-\xBF]
#    ===========================================================
#    ((([\xF0][\x90-\xBF])|([\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF])|([\xF4][\x80-\x8F]))([\x80-\xBF]{2}))
#
# The final regex
# ===============
# 1-4:  (([\x00-\x7F])|([\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF])|((([\xE0][\xA0-\xBF])|([\xED][\x80-\x9F])|([\xE1-\xEC\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF]))([\x80-\xBF]))|((([\xF0][\x90-\xBF])|([\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF])|([\xF4][\x80-\x8F]))([\x80-\xBF]{2})))
# 4-1:  (((([\xF0][\x90-\xBF])|([\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF])|([\xF4][\x80-\x8F]))([\x80-\xBF]{2}))|((([\xE0][\xA0-\xBF])|([\xED][\x80-\x9F])|([\xE1-\xEC\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF]))([\x80-\xBF]))|([\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF])|([\x00-\x7F]))


#######################################################################
#  The final Test; for a single character (multi chars to follow)     #  
#   Compare the return code of 'iconv' against the 'regex'            #
#   for the full range of 0x000000 to 0x10FFFF                        #
#                                                                     #     
#  Note; this script has 3 modes:                                     #
#        Run this test TWICE, set each mode Manually!                 #     
#                                                                     #     
#     1. Sequentially test every value from 0x000000 to 0x10FFFF      #     
#     2. Throw a spanner into the works! Force random byte patterns   #     
#     2. Throw a spanner into the works! Force random longer strings  #     
#        ==============================                               #     
#                                                                     #     
#  Note: The purpose of this routine is to determine if there is any  #
#        difference how 'iconv' and 'regex' handle the same data      #  
#                                                                     #     
#######################################################################
if ((Rx==1)) ; then
  # real    191m34.826s
  # user    158m24.114s
  # sys      83m10.676s
  time { 
  invalCt=0
  validCt=0
   failCt=0
  decBeg=$((0x00110000)) # incement by decimal integer
  decMax=$((0x7FFFFFFF)) # incement by decimal integer
  # 
  for ((CPDec=decBeg;CPDec<=decMax;CPDec+=13247)) ;do
      ((D==1)) && echo "=========================================================="
      #
      # Convert decimal integer '$CPDec' to Hex-digits; 6-long  (dec2hex)
      hexUTF32BE=$(printf '%0.8X\n' $CPDec)  # hexUTF32BE

      # progress count  
      if (((CPDec%$((0x1000)))==0)) ;then
          ((Test>2)) && echo
          echo "$hexUTF32BE  Test=$Test mode=${mode[$modebits]}            "
      fi
      if   ((Test==1 || Test==2 ))
      then # Test 1. Sequentially test every value from 0x000000 to 0x10FFFF
          #
          if   ((Test==2)) ; then
              bits=32
              UTF8="$( perl -C -e 'print chr 0x'$hexUTF32BE |
                perl -l -ne '/^(  [\000-\177]
                                | [\300-\337][\200-\277]
                                | [\340-\357][\200-\277]{2}
                                | [\360-\367][\200-\277]{3}
                                | [\370-\373][\200-\277]{4}
                                | [\374-\375][\200-\277]{5}
                               )*$/x and print' |xxd -p )"
              UTF8="${UTF8%0a}"
              [[ -n "$UTF8" ]] \
                    && rcIco32=0 || rcIco32=1
                       rcIco16=

          elif ((modebits==strict && CPDec<=$((0xFFFF)))) ;then
              bits=16
              UTF8="$( echo -n "${hexUTF32BE:4}" |
                xxd -p -u -r |
                  iconv -f UTF-16BE -t UTF-8 2>/dev/null)" \
                    && rcIco16=0 || rcIco16=1  
                       rcIco32=
          else
              bits=32
              UTF8="$( echo -n "$hexUTF32BE" |
                xxd -p -u -r |
                  iconv -f UTF-32BE -t UTF-8 2>/dev/null)" \
                    && rcIco32=0 || rcIco32=1
                       rcIco16=
          fi
          # echo "1 mode=${mode[$modebits]}-$bits  rcIconv: (${rcIco16},${rcIco32})  $hexUTF32BE "
          #
          #
          #
          if ((${rcIco16}${rcIco32}!=0)) ;then
              # 'iconv -f UTF-16BE' failed produce a reliable UTF-8
              if ((bits==16)) ;then
                  ((D==1)) &&           echo "bits-$bits rcIconv: error    $hexUTF32BE .. 'strict' failed, now trying 'lax'"
                  #  iconv failed to create a  'srict' UTF-8 so   
                  #      try UTF-32BE to get a   'lax' UTF-8 pattern    
                  UTF8="$( echo -n "$hexUTF32BE" |
                    xxd -p -u -r |
                      iconv -f UTF-32BE -t UTF-8 2>/dev/null)" \
                        && rcIco32=0 || rcIco32=1
                  #echo "2 mode=${mode[$modebits]}-$bits  rcIconv: (${rcIco16},${rcIco32})  $hexUTF32BE "
                  if ((rcIco32!=0)) ;then
                      ((D==1)) &&               echo -n "bits-$bits rcIconv: Cannot gen UTF-8 for: $hexUTF32BE"
                      rcIco32=1
                  fi
              fi
          fi
          # echo "3 mode=${mode[$modebits]}-$bits  rcIconv

Sté*_*las 7

我发现uconv（在icu-devtoolsDebian 的包中）对检查 UTF-8 数据很有用：

$ print '\\xE9 \xe9 \u20ac \ud800\udc00 \U110000' |
    uconv --callback escape-c -t us
\xE9 \xE9 \u20ac \xED\xA0\x80\xED\xB0\x80 \xF4\x90\x80\x80
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（\xs 帮助发现无效字符（除了\xE9上面的文字自愿引入的误报））。

（许多其他不错的用法）。

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6 年，8 月 前
批量重命名（或正确显示）带有特殊字符的文件 21
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