rsync 排除 *2021* 有效但 *2020* 无效

Question

我有这个 rsync 命令，多年来我一直使用它来备份智能手机中的照片。它运行正常，除非我切换--exclude *2021*到--exclude *2020*

在我的真实场景中，错误消息是

意外的本地 arg：/media/sciuro/BCKP_WD4T/Fotos/2021/CELULAR/ 如果 arg 是远程文件/目录，请在其前面加上冒号 (:)。rsync 错误：main.c(1375) [Receiver=3.1.2] 处的语法或使用错误（代码 1）

在我的测试场景中，错误消息是

rsync: change_dir "/home/sciuro//home/sciuro/2021" failed: No such file or directory (2) 错误：复制超过 1 个文件时目标必须是目录 rsync 错误：选择输入/输出文件、目录时出错（代码 3）在 main.c(641) [Receiver=3.1.2]

这些错误仅发生在与--exclude *2020*源和目标文件/目录无关的情况下。请看下面我的测试场景。

任何人都可以向我解释这里到底是什么问题？

解决方法是在 之间插入模式'：--exclude '*2020*'

我猜 rsync 有一些内部2020或20编码正在被解释并导致此错误。

---

真实场景

这次运行没有错误

rsync -rtpogvlHbis --ignore-existing --progress --size-only --stats rsync://localhost:6010/root/sdcard/DCIM/Camera/ /media/sciuro/BCKP_WD4T/Fotos/2020/CELULAR/ -n --exclude *2021*
receiving incremental file list
.d...p..... ./
>f+++++++++ IMG_20201228_114334605.jpg
(...)

Number of files: 78 (reg: 77, dir: 1)
Number of created files: 77 (reg: 77)
Number of deleted files: 0
Number of regular files transferred: 77
Total file size: 4,191,721,673 bytes
Total transferred file size: 4,191,721,673 bytes
Literal data: 0 bytes
Matched data: 0 bytes
File list size: 1,898
File list generation time: 0.013 seconds
File list transfer time: 0.000 seconds
Total bytes sent: 270
Total bytes received: 2,147

sent 270 bytes  received 2,147 bytes  4,834.00 bytes/sec
total size is 4,191,721,673  speedup is 1,734,266.31 (DRY RUN)

这不

rsync -rtpogvlHbis --ignore-existing --progress --size-only --stats rsync://localhost:6010/root/sdcard/DCIM/Camera/ /media/sciuro/BCKP_WD4T/Fotos/2021/CELULAR/ -n --exclude *2020*
Unexpected local arg: /media/sciuro/BCKP_WD4T/Fotos/2021/CELULAR/
If arg is a remote file/dir, prefix it with a colon (:).
rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at main.c(1375) [Receiver=3.1.2]

---

测试场景

这是一个最小的测试。

源目录和文件（目标目录为空）

sciuro@toca:~$ ls test/origin/
Captura de tela de 2020-02-10 21-48-32.png
Captura de tela de 2020-04-02 21-14-44.png
Captura de tela de 2021-01-16 13-48-26.png
Captura de tela de 2021-01-16 13-48-27.png

1°测试：目的地home/sciuro/2020/+--exclude *2021*

sciuro@toca:~$ rsync -rv /home/sciuro/test/origin/ home/sciuro/2020/ --exclude *2021* -n
sending incremental file list
created directory home/sciuro/2020
./
Captura de tela de 2020-02-10 21-48-32.png
Captura de tela de 2020-04-02 21-14-44.png
    
sent 144 bytes  received 64 bytes  416.00 bytes/sec
total size is 2,443,343  speedup is 11,746.84 (DRY RUN)

2° 测试 [FAIL]：目的地home/sciuro/2021/+--exclude *2020*

sciuro@toca:~$ rsync -rv /home/sciuro/test/origin/ home/sciuro/2021/ --exclude *2020* -n
    sending incremental file list
    rsync: change_dir "/home/sciuro//home/sciuro/2021" failed: No such file or directory (2)
    ERROR: destination must be a directory when copying more than 1 file
    rsync error: errors selecting input/output files, dirs (code 3) at main.c(641) [Receiver=3.1.2]

3°测试：目的地home/sciuro/2021/+--exclude *2021*

sciuro@toca:~$ rsync -rv /home/sciuro/test/origin/ home/sciuro/2021/ --exclude *2021* -n
sending incremental file list
created directory home/sciuro/2021
./
Captura de tela de 2020-02-10 21-48-32.png
Captura de tela de 2020-04-02 21-14-44.png

sent 144 bytes  received 64 bytes  416.00 bytes/sec
total size is 2,443,343  speedup is 11,746.84 (DRY RUN)

4° 测试 [FAIL]：目的地home/sciuro/2020/+--exclude *2020*

sciuro@toca:~$ rsync -rv /home/sciuro/test/origin/ home/sciuro/2020/ --exclude *2020* -n
sending incremental file list
rsync: change_dir "/home/sciuro//home/sciuro/2020" failed: No such file or directory (2)
ERROR: destination must be a directory when copying more than 1 file
rsync error: errors selecting input/output files, dirs (code 3) at main.c(641) [Receiver=3.1.2]

---

解决方法

 sciuro@toca:~$ rsync -rv /home/sciuro/test/origin/ home/sciuro/2021/ --exclude '*2020*' -n
    sending incremental file list
    created directory home/sciuro/2021
    ./
    Captura de tela de 2021-01-16 13-48-26.png
    Captura de tela de 2021-01-16 13-48-27.png
    
    sent 133 bytes  received 64 bytes  394.00 bytes/sec
    total size is 2,057,301  speedup is 10,443.15 (DRY RUN)

Answer 1

您需要将参数引用到--exclude，否则它将在发行主机上扩展，导致传递与工作目录相关的 glob 匹配的本地文件（例如，/media/sciuro/BCKP_WD4T/Fotos/2021/CELULAR/在您的“真实”场景中）。

rsync -rtpogvlHbis --ignore-existing --progress --size-only --stats rsync://localhost:6010/root/sdcard/DCIM/Camera/ /media/sciuro/BCKP_WD4T/Fotos/2020/CELULAR/ -n --exclude '*2021*'