警告：pip 配置了需要 TLS/SSL 的位置，但是 Python 中的 ssl 模块不可用

Question

我正在使用 Kali Linux 2020.1，我安装了 Python3.7，然后在尝试使用 pip3 命令安装模块后，我不断收到此错误消息。

  WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
    ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement flask (from versions: none)
    ERROR: No matching distribution found for flask

    Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping

Answer 1

为此，我们必须编译它并安装每个依赖项

• 需要的话下载 https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tar.x
• 解压文件

  tar zxvf Python-3.7.0.tar.gz --directory /tmp
  cd /tmp
  

• 编辑文件Setup.dist以启用 SSL

  cd Python-3.7.0/Modules/
  vi Setup.dist
  

• 取消注释以下行并更新openssl主页

  SSL=/usr/local/ssl  <--- substitute with your openssl home directory
  _ssl _ssl.c \
          -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
          -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
  

• 保存并编译 python 以进行分发

  cd ../
  ./configure --enable-optimizations CFLAGS="-O3" --prefix=/opt/primeur/python3.7
  make
  make install
  

• 尝试一下

  cd /opt/primeur/python3.7/bin
  [root@myserver bin]# python3
  
  Python 3.7.0 (default, May 5 2020, 22:31:07)
  
  [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux
  
  Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
  >>>
  

• pip用命令更新

  [root@myserver bin]#./pip3 install --upgrade pip
  

• 使用pip3 install类似方式安装任何依赖项

  [root@myserver bin]#./pip3 install termcolor
  
  Collecting termcolor
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/48/a76be51647d0eb9f10e2a4511bf3ffb8cc1e6b14e9e4fab46173aa79f981/termcolor-1.1.0.tar.gz
  Installing collected packages: termcolor
  Running setup.py install for termcolor ... done
  Successfully installed termcolor-1.1.0