为什么我无法连接到 docker 中的 postgres？

Question

我使用了这个项目中的docker-compose。两个 docker 容器都已成功启动。

kshnkvn@kshnkvn-vb:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                           COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
10fafbab73dc        openpoiservice_gunicorn_flask   "/ops_venv/bin/gunic…"   23 minutes ago      Up 22 minutes       0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   openpoiservice_gunicorn_flask_1
a66fe5691455        kartoza/postgis:11.0-2.5        "/bin/sh -c /docker-…"   23 minutes ago      Up 22 minutes       5432/tcp                 openpoiservice_psql_postgis_db_1

但是当试图检查服务的功能时 - 他无法连接到数据库。我尝试手动完成：

kshnkvn@kshnkvn-vb:~$ docker exec -it 10fafbab73dc /bin/bash
root@10fafbab73dc:/deploy/app# psql -h localhost -U gis_admin-gis
psql: could not connect to server: Connection refused
    Is the server running on host "localhost" (127.0.0.1) and accepting
    TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
could not connect to server: Cannot assign requested address
    Is the server running on host "localhost" (::1) and accepting
    TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
root@10fafbab73dc:/deploy/app# 

奇怪，检查以防万一容器网络的类型是网桥：

kshnkvn@kshnkvn-vb:~$ docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                         DRIVER              SCOPE
81001dac99c0        bridge                       bridge              local
8e65fb4ef6f8        host                         host                local
94ce4e1605ef        none                         null                local
a3f48ac3facc        openpoiservice_default       bridge              local
e3d4286df013        openpoiservice_poi_network   bridge              local

检查 postgres 启动日志：

kshnkvn@kshnkvn-vb:~$ docker logs a66fe5691455
Add rule to pg_hba: 0.0.0.0/0
Add rule to pg_hba: replication replicator 
Setup master database
psql: could not connect to server: No such file or directory
    Is the server running locally and accepting
    connections on Unix domain socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"?
2020-02-08 13:50:20.675 UTC [25] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
2020-02-08 13:50:20.683 UTC [25] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2020-02-08 13:50:20.756 UTC [37] LOG:  database system was interrupted; last known up at 2020-02-08 13:35:17 UTC
2020-02-08 13:50:21.830 UTC [48] postgres@postgres FATAL:  the database system is starting up
psql: FATAL:  the database system is starting up
2020-02-08 13:50:22.726 UTC [37] LOG:  database system was not properly shut down; automatic recovery in progress
2020-02-08 13:50:22.730 UTC [37] LOG:  redo starts at 0/21CCC50
2020-02-08 13:50:22.730 UTC [37] LOG:  invalid record length at 0/21CCC88: wanted 24, got 0
2020-02-08 13:50:22.730 UTC [37] LOG:  redo done at 0/21CCC50
2020-02-08 13:50:22.867 UTC [25] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
                              List of databases
   Name    |   Owner   | Encoding | Collate |  Ctype  |   Access privileges   
-----------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-----------------------
 gis       | gis_admin | UTF8     | C.UTF-8 | C.UTF-8 | 
 postgres  | postgres  | UTF8     | C.UTF-8 | C.UTF-8 | 
 template0 | postgres  | UTF8     | C.UTF-8 | C.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |           |          |         |         | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres  | UTF8     | C.UTF-8 | C.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |           |          |         |         | postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 rows)

postgres ready
Setup postgres User:Password
Creating superuser gis_admin
ALTER ROLE
Creating replication user replicator
ALTER ROLE
gis db already exists
                              List of databases
   Name    |   Owner   | Encoding | Collate |  Ctype  |   Access privileges   
-----------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-----------------------
 gis       | gis_admin | UTF8     | C.UTF-8 | C.UTF-8 | 
 postgres  | postgres  | UTF8     | C.UTF-8 | C.UTF-8 | 
 template0 | postgres  | UTF8     | C.UTF-8 | C.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |           |          |         |         | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres  | UTF8     | C.UTF-8 | C.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |           |          |         |         | postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 rows)

2020-02-08 13:50:24.785 UTC [25] LOG:  received smart shutdown request
2020-02-08 13:50:24.799 UTC [25] LOG:  background worker "logical replication launcher" (PID 58) exited with exit code 1
2020-02-08 13:50:24.801 UTC [53] LOG:  shutting down
2020-02-08 13:50:24.838 UTC [25] LOG:  database system is shut down
Postgres initialisation process completed .... restarting in foreground
2020-02-08 13:50:25.842 UTC [148] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
2020-02-08 13:50:25.842 UTC [148] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
2020-02-08 13:50:25.850 UTC [148] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2020-02-08 13:50:25.880 UTC [150] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2020-02-08 13:50:24 UTC
2020-02-08 13:50:25.887 UTC [148] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections

看起来 postgre 从 ip 0.0.0.0 开始

我查看了 dockerip addr show命令使用的 ip 。尝试使用此 IP 重新连接：

psql: could not connect to server: Connection refused
    Is the server running on host "172.17.0.1" and accepting
    TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
root@10fafbab73dc:/deploy/app# psql -h 172.17.255.255 -U gis_admin-gis
psql: could not connect to server: Connection timed out
    Is the server running on host "172.17.255.255" and accepting
    TCP/IP connections on port 5432?

我可以尝试做些什么来将脚本连接到数据库？

Answer 1

TLDR；

psql -h psql_postgis_db -U gis_admin gis
# or
psql -h psql_postgis_db gis gis_admin

服务器地址问题

您尝试的所有 IP 实际上都不正确。

• 127.0.0.1 是本地主机地址。由于您从 Flask 容器启动命令，因此没有 posgres 服务在那里运行。
• 172.17.0.1 是 docker 网桥的 IP。这实际上是您的 docker 引擎主机的 IP，正如您在同一网桥上的容器所看到的那样。除非你的机器上运行了 postgres 并监听那个 ip，否则你不会得到任何答案（无论如何这都不是正确的 postgres 服务器）
• 172.17.255.255 是之前桥接网络的网络广播地址。

从您的启动日志中，我们可以看到您的 postgres 应该正确收听。0.0.0.0 实际上并不是一个真正的 ip：它代表“在此主机上配置的任何 ip”。

您可以查找 postgres 容器的 ip 以与它联系（例如参见SO 上的这个答案），但您甚至不必这样做。docker/docker-compose 通过自动将同一网络上的容器/服务名称映射到它们各自的 IP，使您可以轻松实现这一点。所以你的数据库服务器可以使用服务名称访问psql_postgis_db

用户名和数据库名的问题

我真的不明白你在命令-U选项中写了什么psql（用户+数据库名称的混合......）。无论如何，它应该是您要用于连接到 postgres 服务器的用户名。从您的撰写文件中，它是gis_admin. 由于没有与用户同名的数据库，因此需要指定要连接的数据库名称。您可以使用-Uoption( psql -U <user> <db>) 或使用位置参数 ( psql <db> <user>)