如何使用 apt-get 获取待升级的软件包列表？

Question

我很好奇是否有一种脚本友好的方法来计算apt list --upgradeable. 这会产生一个很好的输出，每行只有一个升级候选，非常易于解析。但是，apt还警告：

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

所以我觉得我应该用venerableapt-get来代替。不幸的是，它的输出看起来像这样：

apt-get -s --no-download dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  dbus libdbus-1-3
The following packages will be upgraded:
  bash gcc-8-base gpgv libedit2 libgcc1 libprocps7 libpsl5 libselinux1 libsemanage-common libsemanage1 libsepol1 libsqlite3-0 libstdc++6 perl-base
  procps publicsuffix rsyslog twigpilot-core
18 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
...

这是很难解析的。所以我希望有某种方式来获得apt-get更新来打印更简洁的列表apt。

Answer 1

我不经常使用 Ubuntu，但是这个怎么样：

$ apt-get -s --no-download dist-upgrade -V | grep '=>' | awk '{print$1}'

它每行打印一个包。如中所述man apt-get：

   -V, --verbose-versions
       Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Show-Versions.