Debian 9：从 8 升级后，MySQL (MariaDB) 不再工作

Question

我刚刚从 Debian 8 升级到 9。

显然，它破坏了与数据库相关的所有内容。我现在无法启动 MySQL，错误是：

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2 "No such file or directory")

服务状态：

systemctl status mariadb.service

显示错误：

? mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2018-02-02 16:55:27 AEST; 35s ago
  Process: 6859 ExecStartPost=/etc/mysql/debian-start (code=exited, status=203/EXEC)
  Process: 6832 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS $_WSREP_NEW_CLUSTER $_WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 6821 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= ||   VAR=`/usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ]   && systemctl set-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION=$VAR || exit 1 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 6815 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 6814 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/install -m 755 -o mysql -g root -d /var/run/mysqld (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 6832 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Status: "MariaDB server is down"

2 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140495303359232 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Normal shutdown
2 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140495303359232 [Note] Event Scheduler: Purging the queue. 0 events
2 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140494621349632 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140495303359232 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2 02 16:55:26 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:26 140495303359232 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for page_cleaner to finish flushing of buffer pool
2 02 16:55:27 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:27 140495303359232 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1616889
2 02 16:55:27 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:27 140495303359232 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete
2 02 16:55:27 doraemoe systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB database server.
2 02 16:55:27 doraemoe systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Unit entered failed state.
2 02 16:55:27 doraemoe systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.

另一种获取信息的方法：

journalctl -xe` that maybe useful: `2 02 16:42:39 doraemoe systemd[5505]: mariadb.service: Failed at step EXEC spawning /etc/mysql/debian-start: No such file or directory

我如何解决它？

编辑？这里是完整的输出journalctl -u mariadb.service

Logs begin at Fri 2018-02-02 16:36:33 AEST, end at Fri 2018-02-02 19:05:01 AEST. 
2? 02 16:36:35 doraemoe systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB database server...
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.1.26-MariaDB-0+deb9u1) starting as process 3534 ...
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB: innodb_empty_free_list_algorithm has been changed to legacy because of small buffer pool size. In order to use backoff, increase buffer pool at least up to 20MB.
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.8
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB: Using SSE crc32 instructions
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] InnoDB:  Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.36-82.1 started; log sequence number 1616859
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139855396824832 [Note] InnoDB: Dumping buffer pool(s) not yet started
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856107147840 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections.
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: Version: '10.1.26-MariaDB-0+deb9u1'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  Debian 9.1
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe systemd[3810]: mariadb.service: Failed at step EXEC spawning /etc/mysql/debian-start: No such file or directory
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=203
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856106375936 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Normal shutdown
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856106375936 [Note] Event Scheduler: Purging the queue. 0 events
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139855422002944 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2? 02 16:36:36 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:36 139856106375936 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2? 02 16:36:37 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:37 139856106375936 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for page_cleaner to finish flushing of buffer pool
2? 02 16:36:39 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:39 139856106375936 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1616869
2? 02 16:36:39 doraemoe mysqld[3534]: 2018-02-02 16:36:39 139856106375936 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete
2? 02 16:36:39 doraemoe systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB database server.
2? 02 16:36:39 doraemoe systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Unit entered failed state.
2? 02 16:36:39 doraemoe systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB database server...
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.1.26-MariaDB-0+deb9u1) starting as process 5478 ...
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB: innodb_empty_free_list_algorithm has been changed to legacy because of small buffer pool size. In order to use backoff, increase buffer pool at least up to 20MB.
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.8
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB: Using SSE crc32 instructions
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] InnoDB:  Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.36-82.1 started; log sequence number 1616869
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140596496787200 [Note] InnoDB: Dumping buffer pool(s) not yet started
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597204075072 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections.
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: Version: '10.1.26-MariaDB-0+deb9u1'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  Debian 9.1
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe systemd[5505]: mariadb.service: Failed at step EXEC spawning /etc/mysql/debian-start: No such file or directory
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=203
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597203303168 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Normal shutdown
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597203303168 [Note] Event Scheduler: Purging the queue. 0 events
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140596521965312 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2? 02 16:42:39 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:39 140597203303168 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2? 02 16:42:40 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:40 140597203303168 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for page_cleaner to finish flushing of buffer pool
2? 02 16:42:42 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:42 140597203303168 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1616879
2? 02 16:42:42 doraemoe mysqld[5478]: 2018-02-02 16:42:42 140597203303168 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete
2? 02 16:42:42 doraemoe systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB database server.
2? 02 16:42:42 doraemoe systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Unit entered failed state.
2? 02 16:42:42 doraemoe systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
2? 02 16:55:24 doraemoe systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB database server...
2? 02 16:55:24 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:24 140495304131136 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.1.26-MariaDB-0+deb9u1) starting as process 6832 ...
2? 02 16:55:24 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:24 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB: innodb_empty_free_list_algorithm has been changed to legacy because of small buffer pool size. In order to use backoff, increase buffer pool at least up to 20MB.
2? 02 16:55:24 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:24 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
2? 02 16:55:24 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:24 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2? 02 16:55:24 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:24 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2? 02 16:55:24 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:24 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
2? 02 16:55:24 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:24 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.8
2? 02 16:55:24 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:24 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2? 02 16:55:24 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:24 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB: Using SSE crc32 instructions
2? 02 16:55:24 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:24 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2? 02 16:55:24 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:24 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2? 02 16:55:24 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:24 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140495304131136 [Note] InnoDB:  Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.36-82.1 started; log sequence number 1616879
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140495304131136 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140494596171520 [Note] InnoDB: Dumping buffer pool(s) not yet started
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140495304131136 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140495304131136 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections.
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: Version: '10.1.26-MariaDB-0+deb9u1'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  Debian 9.1
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe systemd[6859]: mariadb.service: Failed at step EXEC spawning /etc/mysql/debian-start: No such file or directory
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=203
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140495303359232 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Normal shutdown
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140495303359232 [Note] Event Scheduler: Purging the queue. 0 events
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140494621349632 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2? 02 16:55:25 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:25 140495303359232 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2? 02 16:55:26 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:26 140495303359232 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for page_cleaner to finish flushing of buffer pool
2? 02 16:55:27 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:27 140495303359232 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1616889
2? 02 16:55:27 doraemoe mysqld[6832]: 2018-02-02 16:55:27 140495303359232 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete
2? 02 16:55:27 doraemoe systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB database server.
2? 02 16:55:27 doraemoe systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Unit entered failed state.
2? 02 16:55:27 doraemoe systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.

运行/etc/init.d/mysql start结果：

[....] Starting mysql (via systemctl): mysql.serviceJob for mariadb.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status mariadb.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
 failed!

我找不到命名的文件mysql.err并且ps -aux|grep -i maria没有结果。

Answer 1

由于某种原因，您没有 file /etc/mysql/debian-start，这是给出的错误：

16:55:25 doraemoe systemd[6859]: mariadb.service: Failed at step EXEC spawning /etc/mysql/debian-start: No such file or directory

我已经检查了我的安装mariadb并且该文件是mariadb-server-10.1包的一部分。检查是否有/etc/mysql/debian-start.dpkg-dist或类似的，如果有，将其重命名为/etc/mysql/debian-start.

否则，请检查您安装的确切软件包名称：

dpkg -S /usr/bin/mysqld_safe

mariadb-server-10.1: /usr/bin/mysqld_safe

下载包 .deb（例如通过这个页面），解压它：

dpkg-deb --extract mariadb-server-10.1_10.1.26-0+deb9u1_amd64.deb /tmp/mariadb-server

（替换您下载的文件的名称）然后复制文件：

cp /tmp/mariadb-server/etc/mysql/debian-start /etc/mysql/

然后你应该能够启动它；除非缺少更多文件。奇怪的是，这个文件应该丢失了，所以在某个阶段出了问题。