rsync 失败，错误消息令人困惑

Question

在 bash 脚本（Arch Linux）中，我有以下 rsync 命令：

rsync –nvaAHX --inplace --delete-delay --exclude-from="/etc/$path1/exclude-list-$configName.txt" "$new_snap/" "$BACKUPDIR"

rsync 命令失败并显示以下错误：

rsync: --delete does not work without --recursive (-r) or --dirs (-d).

当然，该消息具有误导性，因为“a”暗示“r”。

如果我从 rsync 命令中删除选项“--delete-delay”，我会收到这个不同的错误：

rsync: link_stat "/some/path/–aAHX" failed: No such file or directory (2)

“/some/path”中显示的值是当前工作目录。如果我更改当前目录，错误消息中的值也会更改。但是，为什么将选项“-aAHX”附加到路径的任何部分令人困惑。

该计算机是一个完全更新的 Arch Linux 系统。我也刚重启过。

4.13.11-1-ARCH #1 SMP PREEMPT Thu Nov 2 10:25:56 CET 2017 x86_64 GNU/Linux

rsync 程序位置：

# which rsync
/usr/bin/rsync

这是测试脚本：

#!/bin/bash

path1=xyz
configName=root
new_snap=/.snapshots/1/snapshot
BACKUPDIR=/backup/$configName

echo "showing exclude file contents:"

cat "/etc/$path1/exclude-list-$configName.txt"

echo

echo rsync –nvaAHX --inplace --delete-delay --exclude-from="/etc/$path1/exclude-list-$configName.txt" "$new_snap/" "$BACKUPDIR"

rsync –nvaAHX --inplace --delete-delay --exclude-from="/etc/$path1/exclude-list-$configName.txt" "$new_snap/" "$BACKUPDIR"

以下是文件“/etc/$path/exclude-list-$configName.txt”的内容：

"dev/*"
"proc/*"
"sys/*"
"tmp/*"
"run/*"
"mnt/*"
"media/*"
"lost+found"
".trash*/*"
".Trash*/*"

这是一些根本没有任何脚本的测试。我觉得莫名其妙。

# mkdir adir
# mkdir bdir
# touch adir/afile1
# touch adir/afile2

# ls -la adir/
total 0
drwxr-x--x 1 root root           24 Nov 12 02:21 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 user user         2080 Nov 12 02:28 ..
-rw-r----- 1 root root            0 Nov 12 02:21 afile1
-rw-r----- 1 root root            0 Nov 12 02:21 afile2
# ls -la bdir/
total 0
drwxr-x--x 1 root root            0 Nov 12 02:21 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 user user         2080 Nov 12 02:28 ..


# rsync -nva adir/ bdir
sending incremental file list
./
afile1
afile2

sent 93 bytes  received 25 bytes  236.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0  speedup is 0.00 (DRY RUN)

# rsync -nva /home/user/adir/ /home/user/bdir
sending incremental file list
./
afile1
afile2

sent 93 bytes  received 25 bytes  236.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0  speedup is 0.00 (DRY RUN)


# rsync –nvaAHX --inplace --delete-delay --exclude-from=/root/exclude-list-root.txt /home/user/adir/ /home/user/bdir/
rsync: --delete does not work without --recursive (-r) or --dirs (-d).
rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at main.c(1567) [client=3.1.2]
# rsync –nvaAHX --inplace --delete-delay /home/user/adir/ /home/user/bdir/
rsync: --delete does not work without --recursive (-r) or --dirs (-d).
rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at main.c(1567) [client=3.1.2]
# rsync –nvaAHX --inplace /home/user/adir/ /home/user/bdir/
rsync: link_stat "/home/user/–nvaAHX" failed: No such file or directory (2)
skipping directory .
rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1178) [sender=3.1.2]
# rsync –nvaAHX /home/user/adir/ /home/user/bdir/
rsync: link_stat "/home/user/–nvaAHX" failed: No such file or directory (2)
skipping directory .
rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1178) [sender=3.1.2]
# rsync –nva /home/user/adir/ /home/user/bdir/
rsync: link_stat "/home/user/–nva" failed: No such file or directory (2)
skipping directory .
rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1178) [sender=3.1.2]

Answer 1

在前面的那几许n的–nvaHAX不是普通的仪表板，但稍长的破折号（或连字符）。

如果您从“智能”编辑器或文字处理器复制和粘贴，将某些字符替换为相应的印刷字符，则可能会发生这种情况。

在我的系统上，复制并粘贴命令的第一部分会导致：

$ rsync –nva adir/ bdir/              
rsync: link_stat "/tmp_mfs/shell-ksh.D1Mq1Xht/\#342\#200\#223nva" failed: No such file or directory (2)
skipping directory .
rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1178) [sender=3.1.2]

如您所见，我的终端显示的错误消息与您的略有不同，并显示破折号实际上是一个 Unicode 字符（或类似的东西，我对字符编码知之甚少）。