标志 GCC -fstack-protector 标志允许使用堆栈金丝雀进行堆栈溢出保护。近年来,默认情况下此标志的使用更为突出。
如果使用 -fstack-protector 编译一个包,并且我们在程序中溢出了一个缓冲区,我们很可能会得到一个错误,例如:
*** buffer overflow detected ***: /xxx/xxx terminated
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但是,“谁”负责这些错误消息?这些消息在哪里记录?syslog 守护进程会选择这些消息吗?
CentOS/Fedora 等现代 Linux 发行版默认设置了崩溃处理守护进程(例如systemd-coredump
或abortd
)。
因此,当您的程序以异常方式终止时(段错误、未捕获的异常、中止、非法指令等),该事件由该守护程序注册和记录。因此,您会在系统日志中找到一些消息,并且可能会找到对带有一些附加详细信息(例如核心文件、日志等)的目录的引用。
$ cat test_stack_protector.c
#include <string.h>
int f(const char *q)
{
char s[10];
strcpy(s, q);
return s[0] + s[1];
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
return f(argv[1]);
}
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编译:
$ gcc -Wall -fstack-protector test_stack_protector.c -o test_stack_protector
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执行:
$ ./test_stack_protector 'hello world'
*** stack smashing detected ***: ./test_stack_protector terminated
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib64/libc.so.6(+0x7c8dc)[0x7f885b4388dc]
/lib64/libc.so.6(__fortify_fail+0x37)[0x7f885b4dfaa7]
/lib64/libc.so.6(__fortify_fail+0x0)[0x7f885b4dfa70]
./test_stack_protector[0x400599]
./test_stack_protector[0x4005bd]
/lib64/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xea)[0x7f885b3dc50a]
./test_stack_protector[0x40049a]
======= Memory map: ========
00400000-00401000 r-xp 00000000 00:28 1151979 /home/juser/program/stackprotect/test_stack_protector
00600000-00601000 r--p 00000000 00:28 1151979 /home/juser/program/stackprotect/test_stack_protector
00601000-00602000 rw-p 00001000 00:28 1151979 /home/juser/program/stackprotect/test_stack_protector
0067c000-0069d000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
7f885b1a5000-7f885b1bb000 r-xp 00000000 00:28 1052100 /usr/lib64/libgcc_s-7-20170915.so.1
7f885b1bb000-7f885b3ba000 ---p 00016000 00:28 1052100 /usr/lib64/libgcc_s-7-20170915.so.1
7f885b3ba000-7f885b3bb000 r--p 00015000 00:28 1052100 /usr/lib64/libgcc_s-7-20170915.so.1
7f885b3bb000-7f885b3bc000 rw-p 00016000 00:28 1052100 /usr/lib64/libgcc_s-7-20170915.so.1
7f885b3bc000-7f885b583000 r-xp 00000000 00:28 945348 /usr/lib64/libc-2.25.so
7f885b583000-7f885b783000 ---p 001c7000 00:28 945348 /usr/lib64/libc-2.25.so
7f885b783000-7f885b787000 r--p 001c7000 00:28 945348 /usr/lib64/libc-2.25.so
7f885b787000-7f885b789000 rw-p 001cb000 00:28 945348 /usr/lib64/libc-2.25.so
7f885b789000-7f885b78d000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f885b78d000-7f885b7b4000 r-xp 00000000 00:28 945341 /usr/lib64/ld-2.25.so
7f885b978000-7f885b97b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f885b9b0000-7f885b9b3000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f885b9b3000-7f885b9b4000 r--p 00026000 00:28 945341 /usr/lib64/ld-2.25.so
7f885b9b4000-7f885b9b6000 rw-p 00027000 00:28 945341 /usr/lib64/ld-2.25.so
7ffc59966000-7ffc59987000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
7ffc5999c000-7ffc5999f000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0 [vvar]
7ffc5999f000-7ffc599a1000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall]
zsh: abort (core dumped) ./test_stack_protector 'hello world'
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退出状态为 134,即 128+6,即 128 加上中止信号编号。
系统日志:
Oct 16 20:57:59 example.org audit[17645]: ANOM_ABEND auid=1000 uid=1000 gid=1000 ses=3 subj=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 pid=17645 comm="test_stack_prot" exe="/home/juser/program/stackprotect/test_stack_protector" sig=6 res=1
Oct 16 20:57:59 example.org systemd[1]: Started Process Core Dump (PID 17646/UID 0).
Oct 16 20:57:59 example.org audit[1]: SERVICE_START pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 subj=system_u:system_r:init_t:s0 msg='unit=systemd-coredump@21-17646-0 comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'
Oct 16 20:57:59 example.org systemd-coredump[17647]: Process 17645 (test_stack_prot) of user 1000 dumped core.
Stack trace of thread 17645:
#0 0x00007f885b3f269b raise (libc.so.6)
#1 0x00007f885b3f44a0 abort (libc.so.6)
#2 0x00007f885b4388e1 __libc_message (libc.so.6)
#3 0x00007f885b4dfaa7 __fortify_fail (libc.so.6)
#4 0x00007f885b4dfa70 __stack_chk_fail (libc.so.6)
#5 0x0000000000400599 f (test_stack_protector)
#6 0x00000000004005bd main (test_stack_protector)
#7 0x00007f885b3dc50a __libc_start_main (libc.so.6)
#8 0x000000000040049a _start (test_stack_protector)
Oct 16 20:57:59 example.org audit[1]: SERVICE_STOP pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 subj=system_u:system_r:init_t:s0 msg='unit=systemd-coredump@21-17646-0 comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'
Oct 16 20:58:00 example.org abrt-notification[17696]: Process 17645 (test_stack_protector) crashed in __fortify_fail()
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这意味着您可以从日志auditd
审计守护进程,并在
systemd-coredump
崩溃处理。
要验证是否配置了崩溃处理守护程序,您可以检查/proc
,例如:
$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
|/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-coredump %P %u %g %s %t %c %e
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(在 Fedora 26、x86-64 上测试的所有内容)