如何使用多个模式查找文件

Was*_*haW 2 grep find shell-script filenames

我想找到一个使用多种模式的文件。

这是我的原始命令:但是键入时间很长并且xargs zgrep是多余的。想象一下,如果我有 10 个或更多的模式要输入?

find -mtime -$a -type f ! -name "*.bak*" | xargs zgrep -il "$b" | xargs zgrep -il "$c" | xargs zgrep -il "$d" | xargs zgrep -il 'ST.997' | sort -u
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我想要更少的字符来输入,例如:

find -mtime -$a -type f ! -name "*.bak*" | xargs zgrep -il "$b && $c && $d" | sort -u
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编辑:如果您注意到模式与$. 那是因为命令在脚本中,并且这些变量具有字符串/数字值。

我将使用它来改进我的脚本,尤其是它的运行时间。

Sté*_*las 5

如果您想避免为每个模式一次又一次地解压缩文件,您可以执行以下操作:

PATTERNS='foo
bar
baz' find . -mtime -"$a" -type f ! -name "*.bak*" -exec awk -v q=\' '
  function shquote(s) {
    gsub(q, q "\\" q q, s)
    return q s q
  }
  BEGIN {
    n = split(ENVIRON["PATTERNS"], pats, "\n")
    for (arg = 1; arg < ARGC; arg++) {
      file = ARGV[arg]
      cmd = "gzip -dcf < " shquote(file)
      for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) notfound[pats[i]]
      left = n
      while (left && (cmd | getline line) > 0) {
        for (pat in notfound) {
          if (line ~ pat) {
            if (!--left) {
              print file
              break
            }
            delete notfound[pat]
          }
        }
      }
      close(cmd)
    }
    exit
  }' {} +
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请注意,模式被视为awk模式,这类似于grep -E/支持的扩展正则表达式egrep。对于不区分大小写的匹配,您可以添加-v IGNORECASE=1if using GNU awk,或者可移植地更改为:

PATTERNS='foo
bar
baz' find . -mtime -"$a" -type f ! -name "*.bak*" -exec awk -v q=\' '
  function shquote(s) {
    gsub(q, q "\\" q q, s)
    return q s q
  }
  BEGIN {
    n = split(tolower(ENVIRON["PATTERNS"]), pats, "\n")
    for (arg = 1; arg < ARGC; arg++) {
      file = ARGV[arg]
      cmd = "gzip -dcf < " shquote(file)
      for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) notfound[pats[i]]
      left = n
      while (left && (cmd | getline line) > 0) {
        line = tolower(line)
        for (pat in notfound) {
          if (line ~ pat) {
            if (!--left) {
              print file
              break
            }
            delete notfound[pat]
          }
        }
      }
      close(cmd)
    }
    exit
  }' {} +
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(假设模式没有像 那样的非标准 ERE 扩展名\S,它将被转换为\s)。

您可以将该awk命令放在zgrep-many脚本中以使其更易于使用。就像是:

#! /bin/sh -

usage() {
  cat >&2 << EOF
Usage: $0 [-e <pattern>] [-f <file] [-i] [pattern] files

List the files for which all the given patterns are matched.
EOF
  exit 1
}

ignorecase= 
PATTERNS=
export PATTERNS
NL='
'
sep=

while getopts e:f:i opt; do
  case $opt in
    (e) PATTERNS=$PATTERNS$sep$OPTARG; sep=$NL;;
    (f) PATTERNS=$PATTERNS$sep$(cat < "$OPTARG") || exit; sep=$NL;;
    (i) ignorecase='tolower(';;
    (*) usage;;
  esac
done
shift "$((OPTIND - 1))"
if [ -z "$PATTERNS" ]; then
  [ "$#" -gt 0 ] || usage
  PATTERN=$1; shift
fi

[ "$#" -eq 0 ] && exit

exec awk -v q=\' '
  function shquote(s) {
    gsub(q, q "\\" q q, s)
    return q s q
  }
  BEGIN {
    n = split('"$ignorecase"'ENVIRON["PATTERNS"]'"${ignorecase:+)}"', pats, "\n")
    for (arg = 1; arg < ARGC; arg++) {
      file = ARGV[arg]
      cmd = "gzip -dcf < " shquote(file)
      for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) notfound[pats[i]]
      left = n
      while (left && (cmd | getline line) > 0) {
        '"${ignorecase:+line = tolower(line)}"'
        for (pat in notfound) {
          if (line ~ pat) {
            if (!--left) {
              print file
              break
            }
            delete notfound[pat]
          }
        }
      }
      close(cmd)
    }
    exit
  }' "$@"
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用作:

find ... -exec zgrep-many -ie foo -e bar -e baz {} +
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例如。