软件更新和升级有什么区别？

Question

有人说“更新”是小改动，“升级”是大改动。我对软件更新和升级非常困惑。什么时候应该使用更新与什么时候应该使用升级。

有人可以解释包管理器中这些术语之间的区别吗？

Answer 1

Ubuntu / Debian等使用apt-get：

你应该先运行update，然后upgrade。它们都不会自动运行另一个。

• apt-get update 更新可用包及其版本的列表，但不安装或升级任何包。
• apt-get upgrade实际上会安装您拥有的软件包的较新版本。更新列表后，包管理器知道您已安装的软件的可用更新。这就是您首先想要的原因update。

-来源。

但是，对于使用yum的Red Hat / CentOS，该命令会询问您是否要应用它找到的更新。update

$ sudo yum 更新

获取所有可用更新的列表并询问您是否要应用它们。像这样：

 [..] 
 kf5-sonnet-core                            x86_64                   5.33.0-1.el7                                    epel                   150 k
 kf5-sonnet-ui                              x86_64                   5.33.0-1.el7                                    epel                   141 k

Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================================================================
Upgrade  52 Packages

Total size: 15 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: 

当您的朋友将更新称为“小更改”并将升级称为“大更改”时，他实际上是指upgrade和dist-upgrade之间的区别。

从 apt-get 手册：

   upgrade
       upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages
       currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in
       /etc/apt/sources.list. Packages currently installed with new
       versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no
       circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages
       not already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of
       currently installed packages that cannot be upgraded without
       changing the install status of another package will be left at
       their current version. An update must be performed first so that
       apt-get knows that new versions of packages are available.

   dist-upgrade
       dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of upgrade,
       also intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions
       of packages; apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and
       it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the
       expense of less important ones if necessary. The dist-upgrade
       command may therefore remove some packages. The
       /etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of locations from which
       to retrieve desired package files. See also apt_preferences(5) for
       a mechanism for overriding the general settings for individual
       packages.