有时我在启动我的计算机（运行 Debian）时遇到奇怪的麻烦。所以我发出了“dmesg”命令。在它的输出中，我看到了很多错误。但是，当我在硬盘上运行扩展 SMART 测试时（使用“smartctl -t long /dev/sda”命令），结果是我的磁盘没有损坏。
这些错误的原因是什么？
以下是错误：
(...)
[ 505.918537] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x50 SAct 0x400 SErr 0x280900 action 0x6 frozen
[ 505.918549] ata3.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[ 505.918558] ata3: SError: { UnrecovData HostInt 10B8B BadCRC }
[ 505.918566] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 505.918579] ata3.00: cmd 60/40:50:20:5b:60/00:00:0b:00:00/40 tag 10 ncq 32768 in
res 40/00:54:20:5b:60/00:00:0b:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 505.918586] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 505.918595] ata3: hard resetting link
[ 506.410055] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 506.422648] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 506.422679] ata3: EH complete
[ 1633.123880] md: bind<sdb3>
[ 1633.187966] RAID1 conf printout:
[ 1633.187977] --- wd:1 rd:2
[ 1633.187984] disk 0, wo:0, o:1, dev:sda3
[ 1633.187989] disk 1, wo:1, o:1, dev:sdb3
[ 1633.188866] md: recovery of RAID array md0
[ 1633.188871] md: minimum _guaranteed_ speed: 1000 KB/sec/disk.
[ 1633.188875] md: using maximum available idle IO bandwidth (but not more than 200000 KB/sec) for recovery.
[ 1633.188890] md: using 128k window, over a total of 1943618560k.
[ 1634.167341] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x50 SAct 0x7f80 SErr 0x280900 action 0x6 frozen
[ 1634.167353] ata3.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[ 1634.167361] ata3: SError: { UnrecovData HostInt 10B8B BadCRC }
[ 1634.167369] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1634.167382] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:38:00:00:6f/02:00:01:00:00/40 tag 7 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:6c:00:0c:6f/00:00:01:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1634.167389] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1634.167395] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1634.167407] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:40:00:02:6f/02:00:01:00:00/40 tag 8 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:6c:00:0c:6f/00:00:01:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1634.167413] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1634.167418] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1634.167429] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:48:00:04:6f/02:00:01:00:00/40 tag 9 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:6c:00:0c:6f/00:00:01:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1634.167435] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1634.167439] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1634.167451] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:50:00:06:6f/02:00:01:00:00/40 tag 10 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:6c:00:0c:6f/00:00:01:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1634.167457] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1634.167462] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1634.167473] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:58:00:08:6f/02:00:01:00:00/40 tag 11 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:6c:00:0c:6f/00:00:01:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1634.167479] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1634.167484] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1634.167495] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:60:00:0a:6f/02:00:01:00:00/40 tag 12 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:6c:00:0c:6f/00:00:01:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1634.167500] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1634.167505] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1634.167516] ata3.00: cmd 60/80:68:00:0c:6f/00:00:01:00:00/40 tag 13 ncq 65536 in
res 40/00:6c:00:0c:6f/00:00:01:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1634.167522] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1634.167527] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1634.167538] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:70:80:0c:6f/02:00:01:00:00/40 tag 14 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:6c:00:0c:6f/00:00:01:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1634.167544] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1634.167553] ata3: hard resetting link
[ 1634.658816] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 1634.672645] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 1634.672696] ata3: EH complete
[ 1637.687898] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x50 SAct 0x3ff000 SErr 0x280900 action 0x6 frozen
[ 1637.687910] ata3.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[ 1637.687918] ata3: SError: { UnrecovData HostInt 10B8B BadCRC }
[ 1637.687926] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1637.687940] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:60:80:a7:af/02:00:02:00:00/40 tag 12 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:ac:00:b4:af/00:00:02:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1637.687947] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1637.687953] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1637.687965] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:68:80:a9:af/02:00:02:00:00/40 tag 13 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:ac:00:b4:af/00:00:02:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1637.687971] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1637.687976] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1637.687987] ata3.00: cmd 60/80:70:80:ab:af/01:00:02:00:00/40 tag 14 ncq 196608 in
res 40/00:ac:00:b4:af/00:00:02:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1637.687993] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1637.687998] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1637.688009] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:78:00:ad:af/02:00:02:00:00/40 tag 15 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:ac:00:b4:af/00:00:02:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1637.688015] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1637.688020] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1637.688031] ata3.00: cmd 60/80:80:00:af:af/00:00:02:00:00/40 tag 16 ncq 65536 in
res 40/00:ac:00:b4:af/00:00:02:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1637.688037] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1637.688042] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1637.688053] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:88:80:af:af/01:00:02:00:00/40 tag 17 ncq 131072 in
res 40/00:ac:00:b4:af/00:00:02:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1637.688059] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1637.688064] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1637.688075] ata3.00: cmd 60/80:90:80:b0:af/00:00:02:00:00/40 tag 18 ncq 65536 in
res 40/00:ac:00:b4:af/00:00:02:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1637.688081] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1637.688085] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1637.688096] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:98:00:b1:af/02:00:02:00:00/40 tag 19 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:ac:00:b4:af/00:00:02:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1637.688102] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1637.688107] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1637.688118] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:a0:00:b3:af/01:00:02:00:00/40 tag 20 ncq 131072 in
res 40/00:ac:00:b4:af/00:00:02:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1637.688124] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1637.688129] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1637.688140] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:a8:00:b4:af/01:00:02:00:00/40 tag 21 ncq 131072 in
res 40/00:ac:00:b4:af/00:00:02:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1637.688146] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1637.688154] ata3: hard resetting link
[ 1638.179398] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 1638.192977] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 1638.193029] ata3: EH complete
[ 1640.259492] md: export_rdev(sdb1)
[ 1640.326109] md: bind<sdb1>
[ 1640.346712] RAID1 conf printout:
[ 1640.346724] --- wd:1 rd:2
[ 1640.346731] disk 0, wo:0, o:1, dev:sda1
[ 1640.346736] disk 1, wo:1, o:1, dev:sdb1
[ 1640.346893] md: delaying recovery of md1 until md0 has finished (they share one or more physical units)
[ 1657.987964] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x50 SAct 0x40000 SErr 0x280900 action 0x6 frozen
[ 1657.987975] ata3.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[ 1657.987984] ata3: SError: { UnrecovData HostInt 10B8B BadCRC }
[ 1657.987992] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1657.988006] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:90:00:30:2e/03:00:09:00:00/40 tag 18 ncq 393216 in
res 40/00:94:00:30:2e/00:00:09:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1657.988013] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1657.988022] ata3: hard resetting link
[ 1658.479548] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 1658.493107] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 1658.493147] ata3: EH complete
[ 1670.547791] ata3: limiting SATA link speed to 1.5 Gbps
[ 1670.547805] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x50 SAct 0x7f SErr 0x280900 action 0x6 frozen
[ 1670.547812] ata3.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[ 1670.547820] ata3: SError: { UnrecovData HostInt 10B8B BadCRC }
[ 1670.547826] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1670.547839] ata3.00: cmd 60/80:00:00:1f:2e/01:00:0c:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 196608 in
res 40/00:2c:00:26:2e/00:00:0c:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1670.547846] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1670.547852] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1670.547863] ata3.00: cmd 60/80:08:80:20:2e/00:00:0c:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq 65536 in
res 40/00:2c:00:26:2e/00:00:0c:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1670.547869] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1670.547875] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1670.547886] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:10:00:21:2e/02:00:0c:00:00/40 tag 2 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:2c:00:26:2e/00:00:0c:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1670.547892] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1670.547896] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1670.547907] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:18:00:23:2e/02:00:0c:00:00/40 tag 3 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:2c:00:26:2e/00:00:0c:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1670.547913] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1670.547918] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1670.547929] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:20:00:25:2e/01:00:0c:00:00/40 tag 4 ncq 131072 in
res 40/00:2c:00:26:2e/00:00:0c:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1670.547935] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1670.547940] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1670.547951] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:28:00:26:2e/02:00:0c:00:00/40 tag 5 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:2c:00:26:2e/00:00:0c:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1670.547957] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1670.547961] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1670.547972] ata3.00: cmd 60/00:30:00:28:2e/02:00:0c:00:00/40 tag 6 ncq 262144 in
res 40/00:2c:00:26:2e/00:00:0c:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1670.547978] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1670.547987] ata3: hard resetting link
[ 1671.039264] ata3: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
[ 1671.053386] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 1671.053444] ata3: EH complete
[ 2422.512002] md: md0: recovery done.
[ 2422.547344] md: recovery of RAID array md1
[ 2422.547355] md: minimum _guaranteed_ speed: 1000 KB/sec/disk.
[ 2422.547360] md: using maximum available idle IO bandwidth (but not more than 200000 KB/sec) for recovery.
[ 2422.547378] md: using 128k window, over a total of 4877312k.
[ 2422.668465] RAID1 conf printout:
[ 2422.668474] --- wd:2 rd:2
[ 2422.668480] disk 0, wo:0, o:1, dev:sda3
[ 2422.668486] disk 1, wo:0, o:1, dev:sdb3
[ 2469.990451] md: md1: recovery done.
[ 2470.049986] RAID1 conf printout:
[ 2470.049997] --- wd:2 rd:2
[ 2470.050003] disk 0, wo:0, o:1, dev:sda1
[ 2470.050009] disk 1, wo:0, o:1, dev:sdb1
[ 3304.445149] PM: Hibernation mode set to 'platform'
[ 3304.782375] PM: Syncing filesystems ... done.
[ 3307.028591] Freezing user space processes ... (elapsed 0.001 seconds) done.
(...)
use*_*ser 24
首先，请记住，SMART 说您的驱动器是健康的并不一定意味着驱动器是健康的。SMART 报告是一种帮助，而不是绝对的真理。
如果您感兴趣的只是做什么，而不是为什么，那么请随意向下滚动到最后几段；但是，临时文本将告诉您为什么我认为我的建议是正确的行动方案，以及如何从您发布的内容中得出这一点。
话虽如此，让我们看看这些错误之一告诉我们什么。
[ 1670.547805] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x50 SAct 0x7f SErr 0x280900 action 0x6 frozen
[ 1670.547812] ata3.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[ 1670.547820] ata3: SError: { UnrecovData HostInt 10B8B BadCRC }
[ 1670.547826] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1670.547839] ata3.00: cmd 60/80:00:00:1f:2e/01:00:0c:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 196608 in
res 40/00:2c:00:26:2e/00:00:0c:00:00/40 Emask 0x50 (ATA bus error)
[ 1670.547846] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1670.547852] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
（我希望我得到了应该放在一起的部分，但你得到了一堆，所以不管怎样都应该没问题。）
在Linux的ATA Wiki有解释如何阅读这些错误页面。特别，
status有价值的DRDY手段“设备准备就绪。正常情况下1，当一切都OK。” 看到状态值为DRDY是完全正常和预期的。SError 有多个组件值，您可以看到其中的值（在此特定代码段中）：
UnrecovData “发生数据完整性错误，接口未恢复”HostInt “主机总线适配器内部错误”10B8B “发生 10b 到 8b 解码错误”BadCRC “发生链路层 CRC 错误”10b8b 编码将 8 位编码为 10 位以帮助信号同步和错误检测，用于物理布线，不一定用于驱动器本身。驱动器最有可能使用其他形式的 FEC 或 ECC 编码，并且那里的错误通常会显示为某种形式的 I/O 错误，其error值可能为UNC（“无法纠正的错误 - 通常是由于磁盘上的坏扇区”） , 可能在行尾的括号中带有“媒体错误”（“软件检测到媒体错误”）res。后者不是您所看到的，因此虽然我们不能完全排除它，但似乎不太可能。
“链路层”是驱动器自己的控制器和磁盘驱动器接口芯片（可能是计算机主板上南桥的一部分，但可能位于板外 HBA 上）之间的物理电缆和电路板走线。
主机总线适配器，也称为 HBA，是连接到存储设备的电路。也通俗地称为“磁盘控制器”，这个术语在现代系统中有点用词不当。HBA 最明显的部分通常是连接端口，现在最常见的是 SATA 或某些 SAS 外形规格。
在UnrecovData和HostInt标志基本上告诉我们，“一些刚去可怕的错误，并且没有办法恢复或恢复没有尝试”。相反的可能是RecovData，这表明“发生了数据完整性错误，但接口已恢复”。（顺便说一句，我可能会使用HBAInt代替HostInt，因为“主机”指的是 HBA，而不是整个系统。）
的组合10B8B和BadCRC，这都指向物理链路层，让我怀疑是电缆的问题。
这种怀疑也得到了以下事实的支持，即除了状态报告之外，完全在驱动器内部的 SMART 自检没有发现制造商认为严重到足以保证在结果中报告的错误。如果驱动器在存储或读取数据时出现问题，特别是长时间的 SMART 自检应该会报告该问题。
因此，我要做的第一件事就是拔掉并重新插入两端的 SATA 电缆；它可能会稍微松动，导致它间歇性地失去电接触。看看是否能解决问题。甚至可能对计算机中的所有 SATA 电缆执行此操作，而不仅仅是受影响的磁盘。如果您使用的是板外 HBA，我也会移除并重新安装该卡，主要是因为当您已经在搞乱布线时，这很容易尝试。
如果失败，请尝试丢弃并更换 SATA 电缆，最好使用高质量的电缆。高质量的电缆会稍微贵一些，但我发现如果它有助于避免像这样的头痛，那么花一点点额外费用通常是值得的。没有人喜欢看到他们的存储喷涌错误！