有没有办法让 PhantomJS（或任何无头浏览器）使用备用字体缓存？

Question

有没有办法让 PhantomJS（或任何无头浏览器）使用替代字体缓存/usr/share/fonts/？在 PhantomJS 中使用更多字体（例如 CJK 字体）的一种方法是将它们安装到此目录中。但是，这是一个共享服务器，无法完成。

我似乎无法为此找到CLI 参数。如果这是一个愚蠢的问题，请原谅我。

这是一个 RedHat 版本，yum 和 rpm 被禁用。

PhantomJS 的屏幕截图- 字体未加载：

预期结果（http://v1.jontangerine.com/silo/typography/web-fonts/）：

---

已解决： @grochmal 向我展示了字体可以安装在主文件夹中。我跑fc-cache -vf了，系统字体和~/.fonts/TTF字体都被缓存了。例如，运行fc-list "impact"找到 Impact 字体（仅供个人使用）：

> fc-list impact
Impact:style=Regular,Normal,oby?ejné,Standard,????????,Normaali,Normál,Normale,Standaard,Normalny,???????,Normálne,Navadno,Arrunta

我用@grochmal 巧妙建议的堆栈跟踪证实了这一点：

strace ./phantomjs ../examples/rasterize.js http://example.com img.jpg 2>&1 | grep font

并发现 PhantomJS 确实在我的用户字体目录中查找

open("/home/user1/.fonts/TTF/verdana.ttf", O_RDONLY) = 11
open("/home/user1/.fonts/TTF/AndaleMo.TTF", O_RDONLY) = 11
open("/home/user1/.fonts/TTF/arial.ttf", O_RDONLY) = 11
open("/home/user1/.fonts/TTF/cour.ttf", O_RDONLY) = 11
open("/home/user1/.fonts/TTF/georgia.ttf", O_RDONLY) = 11
open("/home/user1/.fonts/TTF/impact.ttf", O_RDONLY) = 11
...

Answer 1

PhantomJS 尊重fontconfig目录，甚至旧的font.dir/ font.scalepostscript 字体配置。例如我有旧的 Type 1 字体：

$ find ~/.fonts/Type1/
/home/grochmal/.fonts/Type1/
/home/grochmal/.fonts/Type1/augie___.pfb
/home/grochmal/.fonts/Type1/fonts.scale
/home/grochmal/.fonts/Type1/fonts.dir

（这是用 ol' X11 创建的mkfontdir）

并且，为了更好的示例，我将把fotnconfig字体复制到我的主目录中：

$ mkdir -p ~/.local/share/fonts/TTF
$ cp /usr/share/fonts/TTF/HomemadeApple.ttf ~/.local/share/fonts/TTF
$ fc-cache  # just in case

现在让我们看看 PhantomJS 如何使用它们（使用 PhantomJS github 中的经典示例）：

$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ariya/phantomjs/master/examples/rasterize.js

strace打印所有系统调用（包括文件系统访问）：

$ strace phantomjs rasterize.js 2>&1 | grep font | grep grochmal |grep -v cache
stat("/home/grochmal/.config/fontconfig/conf.d", 0x7ffff95fbbc0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/home/grochmal/.config/fontconfig/conf.d", 0x7ffff95fbbc0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/grochmal/.config/fontconfig/conf.d", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/grochmal/.config/fontconfig/conf.d", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/home/grochmal/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf", 0x7ffff95fbbc0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/home/grochmal/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf", 0x7ffff95fbbc0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/grochmal/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/grochmal/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/grochmal/.fonts.conf.d", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/grochmal/.fonts.conf.d", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/grochmal/.fonts.conf", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/grochmal/.fonts.conf", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
open("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
stat("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
open("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
open("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 5
stat("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts/HomemadeApple.ttf", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=110080, ...}) = 0
open("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts/HomemadeApple.ttf", O_RDONLY) = 6
stat("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts/TTF", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
stat("/home/grochmal/.fonts", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
open("/home/grochmal/.fonts", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
stat("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts/TTF", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
open("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts/TTF", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
stat("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts/TTF", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
open("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts/TTF", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
open("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts/TTF", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
stat("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts/TTF/HomemadeApple.ttf", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=110080, ...}) = 0
open("/home/grochmal/.local/share/fonts/TTF/HomemadeApple.ttf", O_RDONLY) = 5
stat("/home/grochmal/.fonts/Type1", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
open("/home/grochmal/.fonts/Type1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4

PhantomJS 进入字体目录并加载它们！

我没有CJK 字体~/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf可能需要的（因为这些字体可能需要一些实际配置），但您可以从中复制文件（特别是某些字体，以获取示例配置）。/etc/fonts/conf.d/*nonlatin

然而，您可能可以通过简单地将大多数字体放入~/.local/share/fonts/TTF然后运行来摆脱它们fc-cache。

免责声明：旧的 RedHat（肯定是 5，不确定 6）可能不使用fontconfig，这就是我在示例中包含 PFB 字体的原因。在这种情况下，您需要使用ttmkfdir和mkfontdir来生成font.scale和font.dir文件。

参考：

• Arch Linux 关于 fontconfig 的广泛文章