将字符串拆分为路径和应用程序

Question

如果我有一个字符串，例如

/home/user/a/directory/myapp.app 

要不就

/home/user/myapp.app 

how can I split this so that I just have two variables (the path and the application)

e.g.

path="/home/user/"
appl="myapp.app"

I've seen numerous examples of splitting strings, but how can I get just the last part, and combine all the rest?

Answer 1

The commands basename and dirname can be used for that, for example:

$ basename /home/user/a/directory/myapp.app 
myapp.app
$ dirname /home/user/a/directory/myapp.app 
/home/user/a/directory

For more information, do not hesitate to do man basename and man dirname.

Answer 2

使用任何 POSIX shell：

$ str=/home/user/a/directory/myapp.app
$ path=${str%/*}
$ app=${str##*/}
$ printf 'path is: %s\n' "$path"
path is: /home/user/a/directory
$ printf 'app is: %s\n' "$app"
app is: myapp.app

为您节省两个进程分叉。

在/myapp.app,myapp.app和/path/to/myapp.app, basename/ 的情况下dirname更优雅。另请参阅此问题以进行更多讨论。