检查所有列出的软件包是否都安装在 bash 中

Question

我的二进制文件依赖于这些 boost 库和相应的包：

NAME                                  |          PACKAGE:
--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
libboost_serialization.so.1.55.0      |  libboost-serialization1.55.0
libboost_thread.so.1.55.0             |  ibboost-thread1.55.0
libboost_date_time.so.1.55.0          |  libboost-date-time1.55.0
libboost_signals.so.1.55.0            |  libboost-signals1.55.0

所以我想定义一个包列表：

boostlibnames="libboost-serialization1.55.0 libboost-thread1.55.0 libboost-date-time1.55.0 libboost-signals1.55.0"

现在我想检查它们是否都已安装，然后才运行实际的apt-get install. 我知道 apt 会自动检查软件包是否已经安装，但我想在安装之前提示用户是否要安装缺少的库。

那么有没有一种很好的方法来检查是否安装了所有列出的库（在上面的变量中）？

Answer 1

该dpkg -s命令返回已安装软件包的状态。例如，在我的系统上，如果我运行它，firefox哪些已安装，nedit哪些未安装，我得到：

$ dpkg -s firefox
Package: firefox
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: web
Installed-Size: 94341
Maintainer: Clement Lefebvre <root@linuxmint.com>
Architecture: amd64
Version: 41.0~linuxmint1+betsy
Replaces: firefox-l10n-af, firefox-l10n-ar, firefox-l10n-be, firefox-l10n-bg, firefox-l10n-bn-bd, firefox-l10n-ca, firefox-l10n-cs, firefox-l10n-da, firefox-l10n-de, firefox-l10n-el, firefox-l10n-en-gb, firefox-l10n-en-us, firefox-l10n-eo, firefox-l10n-es, firefox-l10n-et, firefox-l10n-eu, firefox-l10n-fa, firefox-l10n-fi, firefox-l10n-fr, firefox-l10n-fy, firefox-l10n-gl, firefox-l10n-gu, firefox-l10n-he, firefox-l10n-hi, firefox-l10n-hr, firefox-l10n-hu, firefox-l10n-id, firefox-l10n-is, firefox-l10n-it, firefox-l10n-ja, firefox-l10n-kn, firefox-l10n-ko, firefox-l10n-lt, firefox-l10n-lv, firefox-l10n-nb, firefox-l10n-nl, firefox-l10n-nn, firefox-l10n-pl, firefox-l10n-pt, firefox-l10n-pt-br, firefox-l10n-ro, firefox-l10n-ru, firefox-l10n-sk, firefox-l10n-sl, firefox-l10n-sq, firefox-l10n-sr, firefox-l10n-sv, firefox-l10n-th, firefox-l10n-tr, firefox-l10n-uk, firefox-l10n-zh
Provides: gnome-www-browser, www-browser
Breaks: firefox-l10n-en-us
Description: The Firefox web browser
 The Mozilla Firefox Web Browser.

$ dpkg -s nedit
dpkg-query: package 'nedit' is not installed and no information is available
Use dpkg --info (= dpkg-deb --info) to examine archive files,
and dpkg --contents (= dpkg-deb --contents) to list their contents.

因此，您可以使用该命令来检查是否安装了软件包：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

run_install()
{
    ## Prompt the user 
    read -p "Do you want to install missing libraries? [Y/n]: " answer
    ## Set the default value if no answer was given
    answer=${answer:Y}
    ## If the answer matches y or Y, install
    [[ $answer =~ [Yy] ]] && apt-get install ${boostlibnames[@]}
}

boostlibnames=("libboost-serialization1.55.0" "libboost-thread1.55.0"
                "libboost-date-time1.55.0" "libboost-signals1.55.0" "nedit")
## Run the run_install function if sany of the libraries are missing
dpkg -s "${boostlibnames[@]}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || run_install