Grub-install：无法在 Bios/GPT 中嵌入

Question

几天来，我一直在努力设置加密的 NAS。基本计划是在 raid1 上的 luks 上的 lvm 上使用 btrfs，在写回模式下为根分区引入 lvmcache，以减少磁盘访问。

特尔；博士：

设置分区和文件系统后GRUB无法安装：

grub-install: warning: Attempting to install GRUB to a disk with multiple partition labels.  This is not supported yet..
grub-install: error: embedding is not possible, but this is required for RAID and LVM install.

---

分区

在 Arch Wiki 之后，我首先设置分区：

gdisk /dev/sda 和 /dev/sdb 的输出：

Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 9EFA6587-E34F-4AC1-8B56-5262480A6C6A
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048            4095   1024.0 KiB  EF02  BIOS boot partition
   2            4096       976773134   465.8 GiB   8300  Linux filesystem

请注意在模式下安装时显然需要的BIOS 引导分区。GRUBBIOS/GPT

MDADM

因为我有两个磁盘，所以我希望它们在一个RAID1数组中：

mdadm --create --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/md0 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2

root@archiso ~ # mdadm --detail --scan
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=archiso:0 UUID=bdfc3fea:f4a0ee6d:6ac08012:59ea384b

root@archiso ~ # cat /proc/mdstat     
Personalities : [raid1] 
md0 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0]
      488253440 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      [>....................]  resync =  2.0% (9832384/488253440) finish=96.6min speed=82460K/sec
      bitmap: 4/4 pages [16KB], 65536KB chunk

unused devices: <none>

卢克斯

接下来我LUKS在顶部设置一个卷RAID：

root@archiso ~ # cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/md0 

WARNING!
========
This will overwrite data on /dev/md0 irrevocably.

Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES
Enter passphrase: 
Verify passphrase:


root@archiso ~ # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/md0 md0-crypt
Enter passphrase for /dev/md0:

LVM

Btrfs可以使用快照代替LVM，但在撰写本文时，无法将 SSD 缓存设备添加到Btrfs. 所以我选择稍后使用LVM并添加 SSD lvmcache：

（一步创建卷组：）

root@archiso ~ # vgcreate vg0 /dev/mapper/md0-crypt 
  Physical volume "/dev/mapper/md0-crypt" successfully created
  Volume group "vg0" successfully created

root@archiso ~ # lvcreate -L 100M -C y vg0 -n boot
  Logical volume "boot" created.
root@archiso ~ # lvcreate -L 20G vg0 -n root
  Logical volume "root" created.
root@archiso ~ # lvcreate -L 10G vg0 -n var
  Logical volume "var" created.
root@archiso ~ # lvcreate -L 6G -C y vg0 -n swap
  Logical volume "swap" created.
root@archiso ~ # lvcreate -l +100%FREE vg0 -n home
  Logical volume "home" created

导致以下布局：

root@archiso ~ # lvs
  LV   VG   Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  boot vg0  -wc-a----- 100.00m                                                    
  home vg0  -wi-a----- 429.53g                                                    
  root vg0  -wi-a-----  20.00g                                                
  swap vg0  -wc-a-----   6.00g                                                    
  var  vg0  -wi-a-----  10.00g 

Btrfs/文件系统

创建文件系统：

root@archiso ~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/boot
root@archiso ~ # mkfs.btrfs /dev/vg0/home
root@archiso ~ # mkfs.btrfs /dev/vg0/root
root@archiso ~ # mkfs.btrfs /dev/vg0/var

（ext4被选择用于引导是因为btrfs抱怨分区大小小。）

挂载文件系统：

root@archiso ~ # swapon /dev/vg0/swap
root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/vg0/root /mnt/arch -o compress=lzo
root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/vg0/home /mnt/arch/home -o compress=lzo
root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/vg0/var /mnt/arch/var -o compress=lzo
root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/vg0/boot /mnt/arch/boot

安装 Arch

实际上我只是从以前的备份中复制系统：

root@archiso ~ # rsync -Pa /mnt/bkp/sda/* /mnt/arch

（茶歇）

设置 mdadm.conf 和 fstab

root@archiso ~ # genfstab -U /mnt/arch > /mnt/arch/etc/fstab
root@archiso ~ # cat /mnt/arch/etc/fstab 
# /dev/mapper/vg0-root
UUID=62ebf0c9-bb37-4b4e-87dd-eb8a4ace6a69       /               btrfs           rw,relatime,compress=lzo,space_cache 0 0

# /dev/mapper/vg0-home
UUID=53113e11-b663-452f-b4da-1443e470b065       /home           btrfs           rw,relatime,compress=lzo,space_cache 0 0

# /dev/mapper/vg0-var
UUID=869ffe10-7a1c-4254-9612-25633c7ae619       /var            btrfs           rw,relatime,compress=lzo,space_cache 0 0

# /dev/mapper/vg0-boot
UUID=d121a9df-8c03-4ad9-a6e0-b68739b1a358       /boot           ext4            rw,relatime,data=ordered        0 2

# /dev/mapper/vg0-swap
UUID=29035eeb-540d-4437-861b-c30597bb7c16       none            swap            defaults        0 0

root@archiso ~ # mdadm --detail --scan >> /mnt/arch/etc/mdadm.conf
root@archiso ~ # cat /mnt/arch/etc/mdadm.conf
[...]
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=archiso:0 UUID=bdfc3fea:f4a0ee6d:6ac08012:59ea384b

进入系统

root@archiso ~ # arch-chroot /mnt/arch /bin/bash
[root@archiso /]#

mkinitcpio.conf

添加了这些钩子： mdadm_udev encrypt lvm2 btrfs

[root@archiso /]# mkinitcpio -p linux

配置 GRUB

现在对于有趣（和失败）的部分，我选择GRUB作为我的引导加载程序，因为它应该支持我使用的所有装置。

参考：

• https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#LVM_on_LUKS
• http://www.pavelkogan.com/2014/05/23/luks-full-disk-encryption/

更改部分/etc/default/grub：

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=/dev/md0:vg0"
GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y

安装 grub：

[root@archiso /]# grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck  /dev/sda                                                  
Installing for i386-pc platform.
  /run/lvm/lvmetad.socket: connect failed: No such file or directory
  WARNING: Failed to connect to lvmetad. Falling back to internal scanning.
  /run/lvm/lvmetad.socket: connect failed: No such file or directory
  WARNING: Failed to connect to lvmetad. Falling back to internal scanning.
  /run/lvm/lvmetad.socket: connect failed: No such file or directory
  WARNING: Failed to connect to lvmetad. Falling back to internal scanning.
grub-install: warning: Attempting to install GRUB to a disk with multiple partition labels.  This is not supported yet..
grub-install: error: embedding is not possible, but this is required for RAID and LVM install.

（--debug输出可在此处获得）

坦率地说......我不知道这里有什么问题。在 BIOS/GPT 模式下，GRUB 应该将它的 core.img 嵌入到ef02/BIOS boot分区中，不是吗？

编辑

https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=144254不适用于此处：

[root@archiso /]# btrfs fi show --all-devices
Label: none  uuid: 62ebf0c9-bb37-4b4e-87dd-eb8a4ace6a69
        Total devices 1 FS bytes used 965.77MiB
        devid    1 size 20.00GiB used 3.04GiB path /dev/mapper/vg0-root

Label: none  uuid: 869ffe10-7a1c-4254-9612-25633c7ae619
        Total devices 1 FS bytes used 339.15MiB
        devid    1 size 10.00GiB used 3.04GiB path /dev/mapper/vg0-var

Label: none  uuid: 53113e11-b663-452f-b4da-1443e470b065
        Total devices 1 FS bytes used 384.00KiB
        devid    1 size 429.53GiB used 2.04GiB path /dev/mapper/vg0-home

Btrfs v3.17.3

Answer 1

嗯......显然这条线是线索：

grub-install: warning: Attempting to install GRUB to a disk with multiple partition labels.  This is not supported yet..

以前我btrfs直接在/dev/sda和上安装/dev/sdb。这就是为什么它们都附加了 FSTYPE 和 LABEL（如 所示lsblk）。

解决方案：我现在已经用（安全擦除）擦除了/dev/sda和。可能有更好的方法来取消这些标志......但这对我有用。/dev/sdbhdparm