Ubuntu下安装R 3.5.2：“jni.h：没有这样的文件或目录”

Question

我在安装最新版本的 R 时遇到问题，出现了我不明白的错误“致命错误：jni.h：没有这样的文件或目录”。这是我在安装 R 时出现错误之前所做的操作：

#download tar.gz file
https://cran.r-project.org/
#install because we need it for execution of "make"
sudo apt-get install libx11-dev
sudo apt-get install xorg-dev
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev
# decompile
# on terminal
./configure
make

安装库后，在安装结束时我看到的是这样的（无法粘贴所有内容，因为它太长了）：

installing to /home/fafnyr/R/R-3.5.2/library/mgcv/libs
** R
** data
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
** help
*** installing help indices
** building package indices
** testing if installed package can be loaded
* DONE (mgcv)
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/fafnyr/R/R-3.5.2/src/library/Recommended'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/fafnyr/R/R-3.5.2/src/library/Recommended'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/fafnyr/R/R-3.5.2/src/library'
building/updating vignettes for package 'grid' ...
building/updating vignettes for package 'parallel' ...
building/updating vignettes for package 'utils' ...
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/fafnyr/R/R-3.5.2/src/library'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/fafnyr/R/R-3.5.2'
configuring Java ...
Java interpreter : /usr/bin/java
Java version     : 10.0.2
Java home path   : /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64
Java compiler    : not present
Java headers gen.: 
Java archive tool: 

trying to compile and link a JNI program 
detected JNI cpp flags    : 
detected JNI linker flags : -L$(JAVA_HOME)/lib/server -ljvm
make[2]: Entering directory '/tmp/Rjavareconf.VwU72a'
gcc -I"/home/fafnyr/R/R-3.5.2/include" -DNDEBUG   -I/usr/local/include   -fpic  -g -O2  -c conftest.c -o conftest.o
conftest.c:1:10: fatal error: jni.h: No such file or directory
 #include <jni.h>
          ^~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
/home/fafnyr/R/R-3.5.2/etc/Makeconf:162: recipe for target 'conftest.o' failed
make[2]: *** [conftest.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/tmp/Rjavareconf.VwU72a'
Unable to compile a JNI program


JAVA_HOME        : /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64
Java library path: 
JNI cpp flags    : 
JNI linker flags : 
Updating Java configuration in /home/fafnyr/R/R-3.5.2
Done.

make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/fafnyr/R/R-3.5.2'

Answer 1

针对这个问题，我找到了解决办法：

sudo apt install default-jdk

对于 makefile，我也遇到了一些问题，所以我安装了这个：

sudo apt-get install libx11-dev
sudo apt-get install xorg-dev
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev

此外，对于 3.5.2 的安装，我遵循了这些说明：

安装通过 HTTPS 添加新存储库所需的软件包：

  sudo apt install apt-transport-https software-properties-common

使用以下命令启用 CRAN 存储库并将 CRAN GPG 密钥添加到您的系统：

  sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9
  sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/'

现在已添加存储库，请更新包列表并通过键入以下内容安装 R 包：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install r-base

要验证安装是否成功，请运行以下命令，该命令将打印 R 版本：

  R --version
  # or #
  sudo -i R