如何使用 shell 脚本执行多个多行 mysql 查询？

Question

我想从 shell 脚本运行多个 MySQL 查询。

我正在使用以下代码：

mysql -u <redacted> -p<redacted> servermail << EOF

CREATE TABLE `virtual_domains` (
`id`  INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `virtual_users` (
`id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`domain_id` INT NOT NULL,
`password` VARCHAR(106) NOT NULL,
`email` VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`),
FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `virtual_aliases` (
`id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`domain_id` INT NOT NULL,
`source` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`destination` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

EOF

但我不断收到这些错误消息：

virtual_domains: command not found
No command 'name' found, did you mean:
 Command 'named' from package 'bind9' (main)
 Command 'namei' from package 'util-linux' (main)
 Command 'lame' from package 'lame' (universe)
 Command 'uname' from package 'coreutils' (main)
 Command 'nama' from package 'nama' (universe)
 Command 'mame' from package 'mame' (multiverse)
 Command 'nam' from package 'nam' (universe)
name: command not found
virtual_users: command not found
domain_id: command not found
password: command not found
No command 'email' found, did you mean:
 Command 'mail' from package 'mailutils' (universe)
 Command 'dmail' from package 'uw-mailutils' (universe)
 Command 'kmail' from package 'kmail' (main)
 Command 'cmail' from package 'xboard' (universe)
 Command 'tmail' from package 'uw-mailutils' (universe)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'rmail' (universe)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'exim4-daemon-heavy' (main)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'courier-mta' (universe)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'masqmail' (universe)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'postfix' (main)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'exim4-daemon-light' (main)
 Command 'wmail' from package 'wmail' (universe)
 Command 'emil' from package 'emil' (universe)
email: command not found
No command 'email' found, did you mean:
 Command 'mail' from package 'mailutils' (universe)
 Command 'dmail' from package 'uw-mailutils' (universe)
 Command 'kmail' from package 'kmail' (main)
 Command 'cmail' from package 'xboard' (universe)
 Command 'tmail' from package 'uw-mailutils' (universe)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'rmail' (universe)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'exim4-daemon-heavy' (main)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'courier-mta' (universe)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'masqmail' (universe)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'postfix' (main)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'exim4-daemon-light' (main)
 Command 'wmail' from package 'wmail' (universe)
 Command 'emil' from package 'emil' (universe)
email: command not found
No command 'email' found, did you mean:
 Command 'mail' from package 'mailutils' (universe)
 Command 'dmail' from package 'uw-mailutils' (universe)
 Command 'kmail' from package 'kmail' (main)
 Command 'cmail' from package 'xboard' (universe)
 Command 'tmail' from package 'uw-mailutils' (universe)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'rmail' (universe)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'exim4-daemon-heavy' (main)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'courier-mta' (universe)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'masqmail' (universe)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'postfix' (main)
 Command 'rmail' from package 'exim4-daemon-light' (main)
 Command 'wmail' from package 'wmail' (universe)
 Command 'emil' from package 'emil' (universe)
email: command not found
virtual_aliases: command not found
domain_id: command not found
-bash: source: filename argument required
source: usage: source filename [arguments]
destination: command not found
ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 2: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '(
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)  INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 VARCHAR(' at line 1

当我在里面一一运行命令时，mysql它们会起作用。

我接下来应该尝试什么？

Answer 1

我会将 SQL 语句放在一个文件中sqldump.txt，然后像下面一样运行导入。the_database如果它不存在，则先创建空数据库。

mysql -u auser -p apassword the_database< sqldump.txt

Answer 2

您正在使用由 引入的“此处文档” << EOF。在此构造中，除非引用结束分隔符（在您的情况下），否则将执行变量扩展和命令替换EOF。在您的示例中，反引号之间的文本`virtual_domains`由 shell 作为命令执行。

要获得预期结果，您必须EOF使用单引号或双引号引用结束分隔符，如下所示。这将防止外壳的扩展和替换。

mysql -u <redacted> -p<redacted> servermail << "EOF"

CREATE TABLE `virtual_domains` (
`id`  INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

请参阅此处文档 - Unix shell，Bash 参考 - 这里文档